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Presenting symptoms are well documented among adults with DM1. However, less is known about the co-occurrence of symptoms over time. We aimed to use factor analysis to explore the correlation pattern of signs and symptoms (S\/S) that emerged during the clinical course.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical records of 228 individuals with adult onset DM1 were abstracted using the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STAR<jats:italic>net<\/jats:italic>) from a six-site cohort in the United States during an eight-year study period. Factor analysis was used to group the correlated S\/S into latent factors. Three factors were identified. Group 1: \u2018Facial Weakness\/Myotonia\u2019 includes the two most common S\/S, as indicated by its name. Group 2: \u2018Skeletal Muscle Weakness\u2019 includes eight muscular S\/S and is more frequently reported by males and those with older age at onset. Group 3: \u2018Gastrointestinal distress\/Sleepiness\u2019 includes four non-muscular S\/S and hand stiffness. The abstracted medical records reported that over 63% of individuals had S\/S from all three groups. Associations of covariates with factor scores were also examined using linear regression. CTG repeat length was significantly positively associated with higher factor scores for all three factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study identified three latent factors of S\/S which accumulated during the clinical course of adult onset DM1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-024-03359-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T06:03:20Z","timestamp":1730441000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latent factors underlying the symptoms of adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1 during the clinical course"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bailey","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Ciafaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yedatore Swamy","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Westfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3359_CR1","volume-title":"Myotonic dystrophy. 3WB Saunders","author":"P Harper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harper P. 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