{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:14:17Z","timestamp":1784258057146,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-B-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-B-066"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2023- I2M-2-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023- I2M-2-002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM202111011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM202111011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orphanet J Rare Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate prognostic factors related with parathyroid carcinoma (PC) based upon ultrasound (US) parameters and parafibromin expression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between 2000\/01 and 2022\/07, thirty-four PC patients with detailed preoperative ultrasonography were enrolled in the research. Immunohistochemical staining of parafibromin was performed on pathological samples of these patients. Based on the expression of parafibromin, the cases were divided into a positive control group (parafibromin expression\u2009\u2265\u200910%) and a negative experimental group (parafibromin expression\u2009&lt;\u200910%). The ultrasound and clinical features of the two groups were analyzed, and Cox regression was used to identify the independent prognostic factors regarding disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 34 patients with parathyroid carcinoma, 26 (76.5%) were parafibromin-positive, while 8 (23.5%) were parafibromin-negative. The mean follow-up time was 72.6 (11.0-179.3) months. During the overall survival period, 7 cases (20.6%) died, and 9 cases (26.5%) experienced recurrence or metastasis. The median overall survival time (interquartile range) was 65.7 (35.5\u201389.7) months, and the median disease-free survival time (interquartile range) was 38.2 (22.2\u201369.7) months. The risk of recurrence and metastasis in the parafibromin-negative group was 5.9 times higher than that in parafibromin-positive group (95% CI 1.569\u201322.190). PC patients with calcification on preoperative ultrasonography had a 9.4 times higher risk of death during the overall survival period compared with patients without calcification (95% CI 1.037\u201385.915). However, parafibromin expression did not show a significant impact on the prognosis of the overall survival.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Preoperative US-detected calcification within the lesion is an independent risk factor indicating the shorter OS for PC patients, while loss of parafibromin expression is significant for indicating the recurrence or metastasis of PC patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T13:27:51Z","timestamp":1741094871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The prognostic value of ultrasound features and parafibromin expression in parathyroid carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aonan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengwen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2014.03.005","volume":"23","author":"A Al-Kurd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Kurd A, Mekel M, Mazeh H. Parathyroid carcinoma. Surg Oncol. 2014;23(2):107\u201314.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7207","volume":"86","author":"E Shane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shane E. Clinical review 122: parathyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(2):485\u201393.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"3608_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.09.014","volume":"142","author":"M Iihara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iihara M, Okamoto T, Suzuki R, Kawamata A, Nishikawa T, Kobayashi M, et al. Functional parathyroid carcinoma: long-term treatment outcome and risk factor analysis. Surgery. 2007;142(6):936\u201343. discussion 43.e1.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"16","key":"3608_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18331","volume":"328","author":"MD Walker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Walker MD, Shane E, Hypercalcemia. Rev Jama. 2022;328(16):1624\u201336.","journal-title":"Rev Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"3608_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02756-4","volume":"73","author":"L Le Collen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Collen L, Barraud S, Braconnier A, Coppin L, Zachar D, Boulagnon C, et al. A large extended family with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome due to deletion of the third exon of CDC73: clinical and molecular features. Endocrine. 2021;73(3):693\u2013701.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"3608_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2022.05.014","volume":"127","author":"Y Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wang P, Lu J, Pan B, Guo D, Zhang Z, et al. Diagnostic significance of parafibromin expression in parathyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2022;127:28\u201338.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3608_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20049","volume":"26","author":"NL Busaidy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Busaidy NL, Jimenez C, Habra MA, Schultz PN, El-Naggar AK, Clayman GL, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma: a 22-year experience. Head Neck. 2004;26(8):716\u201326.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"12","key":"3608_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1571","volume":"96","author":"A Harari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harari A, Waring A, Fernandez-Ranvier G, Hwang J, Suh I, Mitmaker E, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma: a 43-year outcome and survival analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(12):3679\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"3608_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990801)86:3<538::AID-CNCR25>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"86","author":"SA Hundahl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR. Two hundred eighty-six cases of parathyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S. between 1985\u20131995: a National Cancer Data Base Report. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer. 1999;86(3):538\u201344.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"3608_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22599","volume":"109","author":"PK Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee PK, Jarosek SL, Virnig BA, Evasovich M, Tuttle TM. Trends in the incidence and treatment of parathyroid cancer in the United States. Cancer. 2007;109(9):1736\u201341.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"3608_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02067369","volume":"16","author":"K Sandelin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sandelin K, Auer G, Bondeson L, Grimelius L, Farnebo LO. Prognostic factors in parathyroid cancer: a review of 95 cases. World J Surg. 1992;16(4):724\u201331.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3608_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01665308","volume":"15","author":"T Obara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Obara T, Fujimoto Y. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with parathyroid carcinoma: an update and review. World J Surg. 1991;15(6):738\u201344.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3608_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0538","volume":"25","author":"Y Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu Y, Bi Y, Cui M, Zhang X, Su Z, Wang M, THE INFLUENCE OF SURGICAL EXTENT AND PARAFIBROMIN STAINING ON THE OUTCOME OF PARATHYROID CARCINOMA, et al. 20-YEAR EXPERIENCE FROM A SINGLE INSTITUTE. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(7):634\u201341.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"3608_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13055","volume":"85","author":"S Xue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xue S, Chen H, Lv C, Shen X, Ding J, Liu J, et al. Preoperative diagnosis and prognosis in 40 parathyroid carcinoma patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;85(1):29\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3608_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1003-6","volume":"17","author":"N Talat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talat N, Schulte KM. Clinical presentation, staging and long-term evolution of parathyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(8):2156\u201374.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3608_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2306-6","volume":"19","author":"KM Schulte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schulte KM, Gill AJ, Barczynski M, Karakas E, Miyauchi A, Knoefel WT, et al. Classification of parathyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(8):2620\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3608_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0149","volume":"27","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhang J, Adikaram PR, Welch J, Guan B, Weinstein LS, et al. Genotype of CDC73 germline mutation determines risk of parathyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2020;27(9):483\u201394.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"3608_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14161","volume":"92","author":"R Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu R, Wang Z, Hu Y. Prognostic role of parafibromin staining and CDC73 mutation in patients with parathyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2020;92(4):295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3608_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2021.01.011","volume":"19","author":"MP Davies","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davies MP, John Evans TW, Tahir F, Balasubramanian SP. Parathyroid cancer: a systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers. Surgeon. 2021;19(6):e536\u201348.","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"issue":"4","key":"3608_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2001271","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001271","volume":"10","author":"N Vidavsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vidavsky N, Kunitake J, Estroff LA. Multiple pathways for pathological calcification in the human body. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021;10(4):e2001271.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2018.04.006","volume":"1869","author":"S O\u2019Grady","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady S, Morgan MP. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: from pathophysiology to diagnosis and prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2018;1869(2):310\u201320.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"3608_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196905)23:5<1103::AID-CNCR2820230514>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"23","author":"O Hassler","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hassler O. Microradiographic investigations of calcifications of the female breast. Cancer. 1969;23(5):1103\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"3608_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80150-1","volume":"15","author":"L Frappart","year":"1984","unstructured":"Frappart L, Boudeulle M, Boumendil J, Lin HC, Martinon I, Palayer C, et al. Structure and composition of microcalcifications in benign and malignant lesions of the breast: study by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Hum Pathol. 1984;15(9):880\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"3608_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-286","volume":"14","author":"M Scimeca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scimeca M, Giannini E, Antonacci C, Pistolese CA, Spagnoli LG, Bonanno E. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: an active phenomenon mediated by epithelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:286.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"3608_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20582","volume":"101","author":"L Tabar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tabar L, Tony Chen HH, Amy Yen MF, Tot T, Tung TH, Chen LS, et al. Mammographic tumor features can predict long-term outcomes reliably in women with 1-14-mm invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101(8):1745\u201359.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.01.013","volume":"39","author":"HS Tsau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsau HS, Yen AM, Fann JC, Wu WY, Yu CP, Chen SL, et al. Mammographic tumour appearance and triple-negative breast cancer associated with long-term prognosis of breast cancer death: a Swedish cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39(2):200\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3608_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162333","volume":"286","author":"GA Woodard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woodard GA, Ray KM, Joe BN, Price ER. Qualitative Radiogenomics: Association between Oncotype DX Test recurrence score and BI-RADS mammographic and breast MR Imaging features. Radiology. 2018;286(1):60\u201370.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30281","volume":"123","author":"SJ Nyante","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nyante SJ, Lee SS, Benefield TS, Hoots TN, Henderson LM. The association between mammographic calcifications and breast cancer prognostic factors in a population-based registry cohort. Cancer. 2017;123(2):219\u201327.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"3608_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.1070","volume":"32","author":"MP Morgan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morgan MP, Cooke MM, Christopherson PA, Westfall PR, McCarthy GM. Calcium hydroxyapatite promotes mitogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase expression in human breast cancer cell lines. Mol Carcinog. 2001;32(3):111\u20137.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"issue":"2","key":"3608_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.860447","volume":"18","author":"C Bocca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bocca C, Ievolella M, Autelli R, Motta M, Mosso L, Torchio B, et al. Expression of Cox-2 in human breast cancer cells as a critical determinant of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014;18(2):121\u201335.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"}],"container-title":["Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T13:27:57Z","timestamp":1741094877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojrd.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-025-03608-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-1172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-1172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S-K1743), and written informed consent was obtained from the participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"100"}}