{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:15:47Z","timestamp":1793272547367,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States HAE Association","award":["United States HAE Association"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["United States HAE Association"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orphanet J Rare Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hereditary angioedema\n                      <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>\n                      HAE) patients endure repeated unpredictable trauma associated with attacks of disfiguring swelling, severe abdominal pain, risk of asphyxiation or experiences with loss of a loved one with HAE. Our study investigated the prevalence of presumptive post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200918 with HAE-C1INH were recruited from the US HAE Association: Cohort 1, self-referred; Cohort 2, randomized from the HAEA membership. Participants completed 8 on-line questionnaires: (1) HAE survey; (2) SF-36; (3) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); (4) Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II); (5) Life Events Checklist form for HAE; (6) PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C); (7) Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) and (8) Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI). The prevalence of presumptive PTSD based on the PLC-C outcomes was between 20 and 25% in HAE-C1INH participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200977). Significant score correlations were found between: PLC-C and BDI-II (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.23), total CTQ (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.13), PDEQ (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.23) and PDI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.39). SF-36 total mental health scores were significantly associated with presumptive PTSD at all PLC-C cut-off scores as were all mental health subdomains, early age of HAE symptom onset and requiring emergency department visits for HAE attacks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study identified a high prevalence of presumptive PTSD among HAE-C1INH participants. Diagnosis was correlated with high rates of depression and reduced SF-36 mental domain performance. The interrelationship between PTSD and HAE may represent reciprocal risk factors enhancing disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1781161498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hereditary angioedema and post traumatic stress disorder: a reciprocal relationship?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sandra C.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewleen G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Zuraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0803977","volume":"359","author":"BL Zuraw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuraw BL. Clinical practice. Hereditary angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(10):1027\u201336.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4403_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808012","volume":"382","author":"PJ Busse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Busse PJ, Christiansen SC. Hereditary Angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1136\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4403_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lumry WR, Castaldo AJ, Vernon MK, Blaustein MB, Wilson DA, Horn PT. The humanistic burden of hereditary angioedema: Impact on health-related quality of life, productivity, and depression. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2010;31(5):407\u201314.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2010.31.3394"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.05.028","volume":"112","author":"AS Fouche","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fouche AS, Saunders EF, Craig T. Depression and anxiety in patients with hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(4):371\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2014","volume":"95","author":"A Bygum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bygum A, Aygoren-Pursun E, Beusterien K, Hautamaki E, Sisic Z, Wait S, et al. Burden of Illness in Hereditary Angioedema: A Conceptual Model. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(6):706\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"4403_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caballero T, Aygoren-Pursun E, Bygum A, Beusterien K, Hautamaki E, Sisic Z, et al. The humanistic burden of hereditary angioedema: results from the burden of illness study in Europe. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014;35(1):47\u201353.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2013.34.3685"},{"key":"4403_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-9-99","volume":"9","author":"E Aygoren-Pursun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aygoren-Pursun E, Bygum A, Beusterien K, Hautamaki E, Sisic Z, Wait S, et al. Socioeconomic burden of hereditary angioedema: results from the hereditary angioedema burden of illness study in Europe. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9:99.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.07.012","volume":"111","author":"L Bouillet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bouillet L, Launay D, Fain O, Boccon-Gibod I, Laurent J, Martin L, et al. Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency: clinical presentation and quality of life of 193 French patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;111(4):290\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4403_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.08.019","volume":"111","author":"A Banerji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banerji A. The burden of illness in patients with hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;111(5):329\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"4403_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese L, Mormile I, Bova M, Petraroli A, Maiello A, Spadaro G, et al. Psychology and hereditary angioedema: a systematic review. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2021;42(1):e1-e7.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.200073"},{"issue":"25","key":"4403_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1612499","volume":"376","author":"A Shalev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shalev A, Liberzon I, Marmar C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(25):2459\u201369.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.6.729","volume":"147","author":"BL Green","year":"1990","unstructured":"Green BL, Grace MC, Lindy JD, Gleser GC, Leonard A. Risk factors for PTSD and other diagnoses in a general sample of Vietnam veterans. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(6):729\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.2.218","volume":"112","author":"EB Foa","year":"1992","unstructured":"Foa EB, Zinbarg R, Rothbaum BO. Uncontrollability and unpredictability in post-traumatic stress disorder: an animal model. Psychol Bull. 1992;112(2):218\u201338.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"4403_CR14","unstructured":"Huang SW. Results of an on-line survey of patients with hereditary angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004;25(2):127\u201331."},{"key":"4403_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christiansen SC, Bygum A, Banerji A, Busse P, Li H, Lumry W, et al. Before and after, the impact of available on-demand treatment for HAE. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(2):145\u2009\u2013\u200950.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2015.36.3831"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-9-44","volume":"9","author":"Z Zotter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zotter Z, Csuka D, Szabo E, Czaller I, Nebenfuhrer Z, Temesszentandrasi G, et al. The influence of trigger factors on hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9(1):44.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4403_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.005","volume":"134","author":"SL Rosenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenberg SL, Miller GE, Brehm JM, Celedon JC. Stress and asthma: novel insights on genetic, epigenetic, and immunologic mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(5):1009\u201315.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012941","volume":"346","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yehuda R. Post-traumatic stress disorder. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(2):108\u201314.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307","volume":"338","author":"BS McEwen","year":"1998","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(3):171\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.105.2.241","volume":"105","author":"CD Lehman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lehman CD, Rodin J, McEwen B, Brinton R. Impact of environmental stress on the expression of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Behav Neurosci. 1991;105(2):241\u20135.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.4.493","volume":"10","author":"P Bjorntorp","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bjorntorp P. Portal adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis. 1990;10(4):493\u20136.","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"4403_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815616886","volume":"55","author":"SC Christiansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christiansen SC, Davis DK, Castaldo AJ, Zuraw BL. Pediatric Hereditary Angioedema: Onset, Diagnostic Delay, and Disease Severity. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(10):935\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.064","volume":"119","author":"K Bork","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bork K, Meng G, Staubach P, Hardt J. Hereditary angioedema: new findings concerning symptoms, affected organs, and course. Am J Med. 2006;119(3):267\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1006\/smns.1994.1032","volume":"6","author":"MJ Meaney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meaney MJ, Tannenbaum B, Francis D, Bhatnagar S, Shanks N, Viau V, et al. Early environmental programming hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. Seminars Neurosci. 1994;6(4):247\u201359.","journal-title":"Seminars Neurosci"},{"key":"4403_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.036","volume":"174","author":"MB Sexton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sexton MB, Hamilton L, McGinnis EW, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M. The roles of resilience and childhood trauma history: main and moderating effects on postpartum maternal mental health and functioning. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:562\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4403_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostoni A, Aygoren-Pursun E, Binkley KE, Blanch A, Bork K, Bouillet L, et al. Hereditary and acquired angioedema: problems and progress: proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(3 Suppl):S51-131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.06.047"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr., Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"4403_CR28","first-page":"MS253","volume":"30","author":"CA McHorney","year":"1992","unstructured":"McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr., Rogers W, Raczek AE, Lu JF. The validity and relative precision of MOS short- and long-form health status scales and Dartmouth COOP charts. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Med Care. 1992;30(5 Suppl):MS253\u201365.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"4403_CR29","volume-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual","author":"DP Bernstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bernstein DP, Fink L. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1998."},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.20.2.112","volume":"20","author":"RC Arnau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arnau RC, Meagher MW, Norris MP, Bramson R. Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with primary care medical patients. Health Psychol. 2001;20(2):112\u20139.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"4403_CR31","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory- II","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory- II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1996."},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","volume":"11","author":"MJ Gray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gray MJ, Litz BT, Hsu JL, Lombardo TW. Psychometric properties of the life events checklist. Assessment. 2004;11(4):330\u201341.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20341","volume":"21","author":"A Terhakopian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Terhakopian A, Sinaii N, Engel CC, Schnurr PP, Hoge CW. Estimating population prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder: an example using the PTSD checklist. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(3):290\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"4403_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117","volume":"16","author":"KJ Ruggiero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ruggiero KJ, Del Ben K, Scotti JR, Rabalais AE. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. J Trauma Stress. 2003;16(5):495\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01951-y","volume":"12","author":"CM Hoeboer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoeboer CM, Karaban I, Karchoud JF, Olff M, van Zuiden M. Validation of the PCL-5 in Dutch trauma-exposed adults. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):456.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"4403_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999870","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.999870","volume":"13","author":"C Jing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jing C, Feng-Hong Z, Yi-Yan W. An investigation of the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder, turnover intention and psychological resilience among medical staff in a public hospital in China during the outbreak of the omicron variant in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:999870.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12557","volume":"16","author":"Y Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng Y, Lu B, Wen J. Assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in elderly survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross-sectional study. J Evid Based Med. 2023;16(4):455\u201364.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04216-3","volume":"22","author":"E Abolhadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abolhadi E, Divsalar P, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Dehesh T. Latent classes of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Bam Earthquake after 17 years. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):603.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.201016.001","volume":"11","author":"B Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song B, Zhao Y, Zhu J. COVID-19-related Traumatic Effects and Psychological Reactions among International Students. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;11(1):117\u201323.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"4403_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.006","volume":"262","author":"B Gelaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gelaye B, Sanchez SE, Andrade A, Gomez O, Coker AL, Dole N, et al. Association of antepartum depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder with infant birth weight and gestational age at delivery. J Affect Disord. 2020;262:310\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1304-4","volume":"17","author":"B Gelaye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gelaye B, Zheng Y, Medina-Mora ME, Rondon MB, Sanchez SE, Williams MA. Validity of the posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) checklist in pregnant women. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):179.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"4403_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","volume":"34","author":"EB Blanchard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(8):669\u201373.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21845","volume":"68","author":"D Conybeare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conybeare D, Behar E, Solomon A, Newman MG, Borkovec TD. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version: reliability, validity, and factor structure in a nonclinical sample. J Clin Psychol. 2012;68(6):699\u2013713.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4403_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20837","volume":"28","author":"KC Wilkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilkins KC, Lang AJ, Norman SB. Synthesis of the psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL) military, civilian, and specific versions. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(7):596\u2013606.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105408","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995;8(1):75\u201390.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","volume":"13","author":"FW Weathers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depress Anxiety. 2001;13(3):132\u201356.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e218072","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8072","volume":"4","author":"CA LeardMann","year":"2021","unstructured":"LeardMann CA, McMaster HS, Warner S, Esquivel AP, Porter B, Powell TM, et al. Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Instruments From Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition vs Fifth Edition in a Large Cohort of US Military Service Members and Veterans. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e218072.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.06.033","volume":"20","author":"P Birmes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Birmes P, Brunet A, Benoit M, Defer S, Hatton L, Sztulman H, et al. Validation of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire self-report version in two samples of French-speaking individuals exposed to trauma. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20(2):145\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"4403_CR49","volume-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"CR Marmar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ. The peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM, editors. Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. New York, NY: Guilford Press. 1997."},{"key":"4403_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.03.002","volume":"55","author":"BE Bunnell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bunnell BE, Davidson TM, Ruggiero KJ. The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory: Factor structure and predictive validity in traumatically injured patients admitted through a Level I trauma center. J Anxiety Disord. 2018;55:8\u201313.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"4403_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guardia D, Brunet A, Duhamel A, Ducrocq F, Demarty AL, Vaiva G. Prediction of trauma-related disorders: a proposed cutoff score for the peritraumatic distress inventory. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013;15(1).","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.12l01406"},{"issue":"7","key":"4403_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0647","volume":"73","author":"CW Hoge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoge CW, Yehuda R, Castro CA, McFarlane AC, Vermetten E, Jetly R, et al. Unintended Consequences of Changing the Definition of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in -5: Critique and Call for Action. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(7):750\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"4403_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/166.11.972","volume":"166","author":"DG Baker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baker DG, McQuarrie IG, Murray MG, Lund LM, Dashevsky BA, Mendenhall CL. Diagnostic status and treatment recommendations for Persian Gulf War Veterans with multiple nonspecific symptoms. Mil Med. 2001;166(11):972\u201381.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"4403_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440390062009","volume":"157","author":"DG Baker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baker DG, Mendenhall CL, Simbartl LA, Magan LK, Steinberg JL. Relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical symptoms in Persian Gulf War veterans. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(18):2076\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 2","key":"4403_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60584-4","volume":"100","author":"T Bowen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowen T, Cicardi M, Bork K, Zuraw B, Frank M, Ritchie B, et al. Hereditary angiodema: a current state-of-the-art review, VII: Canadian Hungarian 2007 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;100(1 Suppl 2):S30\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"4403_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-5-580","volume":"84","author":"MM Frank","year":"1976","unstructured":"Frank MM, Gelfand JA, Atkinson JP. Hereditary angioedema: the clinical syndrome and its management. Ann Intern Med. 1976;84:580\u201393.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593\u2013602.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):617\u201327.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"4403_CR59","volume-title":"Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery","author":"T Tanielian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanielian T, Jaycox LH. Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery. Santa Monica: RAND Coporation; 2008."},{"issue":"7","key":"4403_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002594","volume":"34","author":"N Breslau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breslau N, Lucia VC, Davis GC. Partial PTSD versus full PTSD: an empirical examination of associated impairment. Psychol Med. 2004;34(7):1205\u201314.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(00)00080-3","volume":"22","author":"MB Stein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stein MB, McQuaid JR, Pedrelli P, Lenox R, McCahill ME. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the primary care medical setting. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2000;22(4):261\u20139.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"4403_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1114","volume":"154","author":"MB Stein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stein MB, Walker JR, Hazen AL, Forde DR. Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(8):1114\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.3.586","volume":"66","author":"MA Andrykowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andrykowski MA, Cordova MJ, Studts JL, Miller TW. Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) as a screening instrument. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66(3):586\u201390.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"sup5","key":"4403_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353383","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383","volume":"8","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Benjet C, Bromet EJ, Cardoso G, et al. Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017;8(sup5):1353383.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4403_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20406","volume":"22","author":"LP Kelley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kelley LP, Weathers FW, McDevitt-Murphy ME, Eakin DE, Flood AM. A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22(3):227\u201335.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000468","volume":"12","author":"J Bosch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bosch J, Mackintosh MA, Wells SY, Wickramasinghe I, Glassman LH, Morland LA. PTSD treatment response and quality of life in women with childhood trauma histories. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(1):55\u201363.","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"4403_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.62","volume":"5","author":"T Heir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heir T, Bonsaksen T, Grimholt T, Ekeberg O, Skogstad L, Lerdal A, et al. Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population. BJPsych Open. 2019;5(5):e82.","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"4403_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22439","volume":"32","author":"AH Cowden Hindash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cowden Hindash AH, Lujan C, Howard M, O\u2019Donovan A, Richards A, Neylan TC, et al. Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2019;32(5):701\u201311.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"8","key":"4403_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000635","volume":"80","author":"R El-Gabalawy","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Gabalawy R, Mota N, Sommer JL, Edmondson D. Prevalence of Illness-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(8):783\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"4403_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.08.012","volume":"87","author":"AXG Araujo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Araujo AXG, Fontenelle LF, Berger W, Luz MPD, Pagotto L, Marques-Portella C, et al. Pre-traumatic vs post-traumatic OCD in PTSD patients: Are differences in comorbidity rates and functional health status related to childhood abuse? Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:25\u201331.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"4403_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2449430","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.49430","volume":"7","author":"EB Thordardottir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thordardottir EB, Song H, Shen Q, Bjornsson A, Hilmarsdottir HY, Guethmundsdottir B, et al. Prevalence of Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in Iceland. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2449430.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4403_CR72","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents: Handbook","author":"V Gabbay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gabbay V, Oatis MD, Silva RR, Hirsch GS. Epidemiological aspects of PTSD in children and adolescents. Posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents: Handbook. New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton & Company. 2004. pp. 1\u201317."},{"key":"4403_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christiansen SC, Lopes Veronez C, Smith TD, Riedl MA, Zuraw BL. Hereditary angioedema: impact of COVID-19 pandemic stress upon disease related morbidity and well-being. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2023;44(2):115\u201321.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2023.44.220096"},{"issue":"9","key":"4403_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.06.018","volume":"13","author":"MA Riedl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Riedl MA, Bernstein JA, Jacobs JS, Craig T, Banerji A, Perego F, et al. Donidalorsen Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema in Patients Previously on Long-Term Prophylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025;13(9):2381\u20139. e3.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.046","volume":"9","author":"PJ Busse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Busse PJ, Christiansen SC, Riedl MA, Banerji A, Bernstein JA, Castaldo AJ, et al. US HAEA Medical Advisory Board 2020 Guidelines for the Management of Hereditary Angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(1):132\u201350. e3.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.10.015","volume":"148","author":"B Zuraw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuraw B, Lumry WR, Johnston DT, Aygoren-Pursun E, Banerji A, Bernstein JA, et al. Oral once-daily berotralstat for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;148(1):164\u201372.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"4403_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.022","volume":"6","author":"M Cicardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cicardi M, Zuraw BL. Angioedema Due to Bradykinin Dysregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunology: Pract. 2018;6:1132\u201341.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunology: Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"4403_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1406","volume":"154","author":"R Nostramo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nostramo R, Tillinger A, Serova L, Kvetnansky R, Sabban EL. Bradykinin B2 receptor in the adrenal medulla of male rats and mice: glucocorticoid-dependent increase with immobilization stress. Endocrinology. 2013;154(10):3729\u201338.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06303.x","volume":"110","author":"K Kosenburger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kosenburger K, Schicker KW, Drobny H, Boehm S. Differential fading of inhibitory and excitatory B2 bradykinin receptor responses in rat sympathetic neurons: a role for protein kinase C. J Neurochem. 2009;110(6):1977\u201388.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"4403_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.10.002","volume":"53","author":"KA Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones KA, Thomsen C. The role of the innate immune system in psychiatric disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2013;53:52\u201362.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4403_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.007","volume":"124","author":"F Bossi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bossi F, Fischetti F, Regoli D, Durigutto P, Frossi B, Gobeil F Jr., et al. Novel pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic approaches to angioedema associated with C1 inhibitor deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(6):1303\u2013e104.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4403_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.01.071","volume":"121","author":"M Bas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bas M, Kirchhartz N, Hochfeld J, Tullmann C, Kumpf S, Suvorava T, et al. Potential role of vasomotor effects of fibrinogen in bradykinin-induced angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(4):969\u201375. e2.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"4403_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00186-8","volume":"2","author":"K Joseph","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joseph K, Tholanikunnel BG, Kaplan AP. Activation of the bradykinin-forming cascade on endothelial cells: a role for heat shock protein 90. Int Immunopharmacol. 2002;2(13\u201314):1851\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4403_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022626899","volume":"99","author":"K Joseph","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joseph K, Tholanikunnel BG, Kaplan AP. Heat shock protein 90 catalyzes activation of the prekallikrein-kininogen complex in the absence of factor XII. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(2):896\u2013900.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"4403_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187110","volume":"12","author":"MA Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu MA, Casella F, Perego F, Suffritti C, Afifi Afifi N, Tobaldini E, et al. Hereditary angioedema: Assessing the hypothesis for underlying autonomic dysfunction. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(11):e0187110.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"4403_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31815a8f6b","volume":"69","author":"J Blechert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blechert J, Michael T, Grossman P, Lajtman M, Wilhelm FH. Autonomic and respiratory characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):935\u201343.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4403_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000326","volume":"78","author":"PA Dennis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dennis PA, Dedert EA, Van Voorhees EE, Watkins LL, Hayano J, Calhoun PS, et al. Examining the Crux of Autonomic Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Whether Chronic or Situational Distress Underlies Elevated Heart Rate and Attenuated Heart Rate Variability. Psychosom Med. 2016;78(7):805\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4403_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024421502881","volume":"11","author":"SP Orr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Orr SP, Meyerhoff JL, Edwards JV, Pitman RK. Heart rate and blood pressure resting levels and responses to generic stressors in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1998;11(1):155\u201364.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"}],"container-title":["Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:03:21Z","timestamp":1787097801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-026-04403-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-1172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-1172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"IRB approval granted by The University of California San Diego, and all participants signed the IRB approved consent prior to any data being collected.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No personal data is included in the manuscript. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"285"}}