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Participants were recruited through the national German SMA registry (June \u2013 September 2021), and psychological symptoms were assessed using validated measures such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in children with SMA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921) and the German Mini-Symptom-Checklist (Mini-SCL) in adults with SMA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200982) and caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200967).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicate that children with SMA exhibit lower rates of psychological symptoms compared to adults (9.5% vs. 13.4%), with internalizing symptoms (emotional problems, depression, anxiety) being the most prevalent in both age groups. Caregivers also demonstrate psychological symptoms in 14.9%, particularly those of individuals with SMA type 1. Symptom rates did not differ between groups with different motor function level. Significant correlations between caregiver and patient psychological symptoms were observed, while pharmacological treatment showed no significant impact on symptom rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological symptoms are common in individuals with SMA and their caregivers, particularly internalizing symptoms, underscoring the importance of routine psychological screening. Additionally, the correlation of patient and caregiver symptoms highlight the interplay between the mental health of both. These findings underscore the importance of integrating psychosocial care for both individuals with SMA and their caregivers to alleviate stress and promote well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>German clinical trial register (DRKS), DRKS00022876. Registered 19 October 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-026-04558-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:34:44Z","timestamp":1787762084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychological symptoms in individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and their caregivers \u2013 results from a nation-wide study in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Hussong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berenike","family":"Leibrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea","family":"Huelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Mattheus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Landfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie C.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zemlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Moehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Dillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Flotats\u2011Bastardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-022-02343-4","volume":"17","author":"K Bogart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogart K, Hemmesch A, Barnes E, Blissenbach T, Beisang A, Engel P. 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Dr Landfeldt is an employee of IQVIA, a contract research organization. Dr Maggie C. Walter has served on advisory boards for Avexis, Biogen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Santhera, Sarepta, Pharnext, PTC Therapeutics, Ultragenyx, Wave Sciences, received funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria from Avexis, Biogen, PTC Therapeutics, Ultragenyx, Santhera, Sarepta, and worked as an ad-hoc consultant for AskBio, Audentes Therapeutics, Avexis, Biogen Pharma GmbH, Fulcrum Therapeutics, GLG Consult, Guidepoint Global, Gruenenthal Pharma, Novartis, Pharnext, PTC Therapeutics, Roche. Simone Thiele has received financial support for advisory services from PTC Therapeutics. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"299"}}