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It is becoming clear that Schwann cells and neurons in peripheral nerves heavily depend on lipids for membrane interactions, (sub)cellular signalling, and the formation of myelin sheaths. In support of this notion, disturbances in the level and composition of lipid classes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, perturb normal functioning of peripheral nerves. Intriguingly, lipid disturbances seem to be a common denominator within the heterogeneous group of HPN, with hindrances in cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism primarily influencing Schwann cell and neuron homeostasis, respectively. 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