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The prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and associated risk factors were estimated in a cross-sectional study in MSM living in Bamako, Mali.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MSM consulting at sexual health center of the National NGO Soutoura, Bamako, were prospectively included. Sociodemographic and clinical-biological data were collected. HPV detection and genotyping were performed from anal swabs using multiplex real-time PCR. Risk factors associated with anal HPV infection were assessed by logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty MSM (mean age, 24.2\u2009years; range, 18\u201335) of which 32.0% were infected with HIV-1, were prospectively included. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection of any genotypes was 70.0% (35\/50) with 80.0% (28\/35) of swabs positive for HR-HPV. HR-HPV-58 was the most detected genotype [13\/35 (37.1%)], followed by HR-HPV-16 and low-risk (LR)-HPV-6 [12\/35 (34.2%)], LR-HPV-40 [10\/35 (28.6%)], LR-HPV-11 [9\/35 (25.7%)], HR-HPV-51 [8\/35 (22.8%)], HR-HPV types 18 and 39 [7\/35 (20.0%)] and LR-HPV-43 [6\/35 (17.1%)]. HR-HPV-52 and LR-HPV-44 were detected in lower proportions [5\/35 (14.3%) and 4\/35 (11.4%), respectively]. LR-HPV-42, LR-HPV-54, HR-HPV-31 and HR-HPV-35 were detected in very low proportions [3\/35 (8.5%)]. Multiple HR-HPV infections were diagnosed in one-third of anal samples [16\/50 (32.0%)], including around half of HR-HPV-positive anal swabs [16\/35 (45.7%)]. More than half [27\/50 (54.0%)] swabs were infected by at least one of HPV genotypes targeted by Gardasil-9\u00ae vaccine, including a majority of vaccine HR-HPV [22\/50 (44.0%)]. In multivariate analysis, participation to sex in group was associated with anal infection by multiple HPV (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1\u201318.1%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032), and HIV-1 infection was associated with anal shedding of multiple HR-HPV (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.3\u201324.5%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These observations indicate that the MSM community living in Bamako is at high-risk for HR-HPV anal infections, with a unique epidemiological HPV genotypes profile and high prevalence of anal HPV covered by the Gardasil-9\u00ae vaccine. Scaling up prevention strategies against HPV infection and related cancers adapted to this highly vulnerable MSM community should be urgently prioritized with innovative interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-021-00385-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T16:05:20Z","timestamp":1625155520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["High Prevalence of Anal Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men Living in Bamako, Mali"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Donato","family":"Koyalta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph-Sydney","family":"Mboumba Bouassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almoustapha Issiaka","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliou","family":"Balde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules Bashi","family":"Bagendabanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almahdy Ag","family":"Alinity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Veyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"P\u00e9r\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"B\u00e9lec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"385_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-017-0129-6","volume":"12","author":"S Hartwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartwig S, St Guily JL, Dominiak-Felden G, Alemany L, de Sanjose S. 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All participating MSMs were of legal age and their informed consent was obtained before each questionnaire was documented.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of the paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}