{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:26:18Z","timestamp":1793809578448,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been reported to cause various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. More rarely, ocular infections have been reported. To our knowledge, only two cases of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis have been described in horses. We report kerato-conjunctivitis in four Norwegian horses associated with\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Clinically, all cases were presented with recurrent unilateral kerato-conjunctivitis.\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria were isolated from swab samples from all cases, and cytology carried out in 3 cases was indicative of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. The present report describes the first known cases in which\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been isolated from keratitic lesions in horses in Norway. A potential risk factor may be feeding of silage or haylage, but other sources of infection cannot be ruled out. The phenotypic features including antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype of the isolates are described. Laboratory detection of\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    demands extra caution since only low numbers of bacteria were detected in the eye-swabs, probably due to the low volume of sample material and the intracellular niche of the bacterium. A general poor response to treatment in all these cases indicates that clinicians should pay extra attention to intensity and duration of treatment if\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is identified in connection with equine kerato-conjunctivitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T06:11:55Z","timestamp":1447049515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Listeria monocytogenes associated kerato-conjunctivitis in four horses in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Revold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takele","family":"Abayneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hege","family":"Brun-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe L.","family":"Kleppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst-Otto","family":"Ropstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"S\u00f8rum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.2.309-382.1966","volume":"30","author":"ML Gray","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gray ML, Killinger AH. Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infections. Bacteriol Rev. 1966;30:309\u201374.","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"167_CR2","unstructured":"Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC. Diseases caused by Listeria spp. In: Veterinary medicine. 8th edition. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1994, p. 660-6."},{"key":"167_CR3","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Listeria, listeriosis, and food safety","author":"IV Wesley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wesley IV. Listeriosis in animals. In: Ryser ET, Marth EH, editors. Listeria, listeriosis, and food safety. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999. p. 39\u201340."},{"key":"167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90238-4","volume":"19","author":"WF Schlech","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schlech WF. Listeriosis: epidemiology, virulence and the significance of contaminated foodstuffs. J Hosp Infect. 1991;19:211\u201324.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"167_CR5","unstructured":"Cullen CL, Webb AA. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease. Part 4: food animals. In: Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ, Ames IA (editors) Veterinary Ophthalmology. Volume 2. 5th edition. : Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. p. 2071\u2013101."},{"key":"167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.149.10.289","volume":"149","author":"HM Erdogan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erdogan HM, Cetinkaya B, Green LE, Cripps PJ, Morgan KL. Prevalence, incidence, signs and treatment of clinical listeriosis in dairy cattle in England. Vet Rec. 2001;149:289\u201393.","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"167_CR7","unstructured":"Pearce JW, Moore CP. Food animal ophthalmology. In: Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ, Ames IA, editors. Veterinary ophthalmology. Volume 2. 5th edition. Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. p. 1610\u201374."},{"key":"167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(92)90074-4","volume":"37","author":"D Eliott","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eliott D, O\u2019Brien TP, Green WR, Jampel HD, Goldberg MF. Elevated intraocular pressure, pigment dispersion and dark hypopyon in endogenous endophthalmitis from Listeria monocytogenes. Surv Ophthalmol. 1992;37:117\u201324.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74561-1","volume":"109","author":"GW Zaidman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zaidman GW, Coudron P, Piros J. Listeria monocytogenes keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:334\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000230251.19847.3a","volume":"25","author":"R Altaie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altaie R, Fahy GT, Cormican M. Failure of Listeria monocytogenes keratitis to respond to topical ofloxacin. Cornea. 2006;25:849\u201350.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75592-8","volume":"109","author":"RA Eiferman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Eiferman RA, Flaherty KT, Rivard AK. Persistent corneal defect caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:97\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02004.x","volume":"69","author":"ST Duch","year":"1991","unstructured":"Duch ST, Quintana MC, Pujol OG. Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 1991;69:108\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.124090","volume":"21","author":"HM Alkatan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alkatan HM, Al-Dhibi HA, Edward DP, Al-Rajhi AA. Pigmented hypopyon in association with Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis: An interesting case report following refractive surgery procedure with literature review. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014;21:40\u20133.","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1980.tb02627.x","volume":"56","author":"RW Mason","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mason RW, Brennan RG, Corbould A. Listeria monocytogenes abortion in a mare. Austr Vet J. 1980;56:613.","journal-title":"Austr Vet J."},{"key":"167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.182.03.291","volume":"183","author":"RD Welsh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Welsh RD. Equine abortion caused by Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983;183:291.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"167_CR16","first-page":"209","volume":"89","author":"H Mayer","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mayer H, Kinler M, Sickel E. Listeriose in einem Reitpferdebestand. Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr. 1976;89:209\u201311.","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tier\u00e4rztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"167_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"R Higgins","year":"1987","unstructured":"Higgins R, Goyette G, Sauvageau R, Lemaire T. Septicemia due to Listeria monocytogenes in a newborn foal. Can Vet J. 1987;28:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"167_CR18","first-page":"49","volume":"42","author":"T Pirs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pirs T, Zdovc I, Gombac M, Svara T, Juntes P, Vengust M. Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia in a foal. Slov Vet Res. 2005;42:49\u201353.","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res"},{"key":"167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1978.172.03.363","volume":"172","author":"EG Clark","year":"1978","unstructured":"Clark EG, Turner ES, Boysen BG, Rouse BT. Listeriosis in an Arabian foal with combined immunodeficiency. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978;172:363\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.09.007","volume":"134","author":"M R\u00fctten","year":"2006","unstructured":"R\u00fctten M, Lehner A, Pospischil A, Sydler T. Cerebral listeriosis in an Adult Freiberger Gelding. J Comp Path. 2006;134:249\u201353.","journal-title":"J Comp Path."},{"key":"167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00409.x","volume":"18","author":"F Monteiro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Monteiro F, Wong D, Scarratt WK, Buechner-Maxwell V, Crisman M. Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia in two neonatal foals. Equine Vet Educ. 2006;18:27\u201331.","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.15.456","volume":"155","author":"KB Gudmundsdottir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gudmundsdottir KB, Svansson V, Aalb\u00e6k B, Gunnarsson E, Sigurdarson S. Listeria monocytogenes in horses in Iceland. Vet Rec. 2004;155:456\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776254727","volume":"33","author":"E Jose-Cunilleras","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jose-Cunilleras E, Hinchcliff KW. Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia in foals. Equine Vet J. 2001;33:519\u201322.","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200216","volume":"12","author":"PA Wilkins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilkins PA, Marsh PS, Acland H, Piero FD. Listeria monocytogenes septicemia in a Thoroughbred foal. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2000;12:173\u20136.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5216.2001.00179.x","volume":"4","author":"S Sanchez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sanchez S, Struder M, Currin P, Barell P, Bounous D. Listeria keratitis in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol. 2001;4:129\u2013217.","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600519","volume":"16","author":"K Evans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evans K, Smith M, McDonough P, Wiedmann M. Eye infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in three cows and one horse. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004;16:464\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"167_CR27","unstructured":"English R, Gilger BC. Ocular immunology. In: Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ, Ames IA, editors. Veterinary Ophthalmology. Volume 1. 5th edition. Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. p. 273\u2013299."},{"key":"167_CR28","first-page":"221","volume":"17","author":"P R\u00e1cz","year":"1970","unstructured":"R\u00e1cz P, Tenner K, Szivessy K. Electron microscopic studies in experimental keratoconjunctivitis listeriosa. I: Penetration of Listeria monocytogenes into corneal epithelial cells. Acta microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1970;17:221\u201336.","journal-title":"Acta microbiol Acad Sci Hung"},{"key":"167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(35)93550-4","volume":"18","author":"MC Morris","year":"1935","unstructured":"Morris MC, Julianelle LA. A study of an infection induced experimentally with bacterium monocytogenes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1935;18:535\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-40-10415P","volume":"40","author":"LA Julianelle","year":"1939","unstructured":"Julianelle LA, Pons CA. Identification of Listerella monocytogenes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1939;40:362\u20133.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2009.00730.x","volume":"12","author":"EC Ledbetter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ledbetter EC, Scarlett JM. In vivo confocal microscopy of the normal equine cornea and limbus. Vet Ophthalmol. 2009;12(Supplement 1):57\u201364.","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12198","volume":"46","author":"CG Pirie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pirie CG, Alario AF, Barysauskas CM, Gradil C, Uricchio CK. Manual corneal thickness measurements of healthy equine eyes using a portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device. Equine Vet J. 2014;46:631\u20134.","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"167_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00345.x","volume":"8","author":"BJ Reiser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reiser BJ, Ignacio TS, Wang Y, Taban M, Graff JM, Sweet P, et al. In vitro measurement of rabbit corneal epithelial thickness using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography. Vet Ophthalmol. 2005;8:85\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.2.38","volume":"150","author":"U Braun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Braun U, Stehle C, Ehrensperger F. Clinical findings and treatment of listeriosis in 67 sheep and goats. Vet Rec. 2002;150:38\u201342.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.6.113","volume":"100","author":"JH Morgan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Morgan JH. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle associated with Listeria monocytogenes. Vet Rec. 1977;100:113\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"167_CR36","first-page":"144","volume":"27","author":"K Kummeneje","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kummeneje K, Mikkelsen T. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes Type 04 from cases of keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep. Nord Vet Med. 1975;27:144\u20139.","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.26.684","volume":"140","author":"D Welchman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Welchman D, Hooton JK, Low JC. Ocular disease assosiated with silage feeding and Listeria monocytogenes in fallow deer. Vet Rec. 1997;140:684\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"167_CR38","unstructured":"Fenlon DR. Listeria monocytogenes in the natural environment. In: Ryser ET, Marth EH, editors. Listeria, listeriosis and food safety. 2nd edition. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999. p. 21\u201337."},{"key":"167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.25.636","volume":"132","author":"JK Walker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Walker JK, Morgan JH. Ovine ophthalmitis associated with Listeria monocytogenes. Vet Rec. 1993;132:636.","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"167_CR40","unstructured":"Regnier A. Antimicrobials, Antiinfalmmatory Agents, and Antiglaucoma Drugs. In: Gelatt KN, Ames IA, editors. Veterinary ophthalmology. Volume 1. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing; 2007. p. 288\u2013331."},{"key":"167_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.35.850","volume":"35","author":"LJ Riff","year":"1982","unstructured":"Riff LJ, Thomason JL. Comparative aminoglycoside inactivation by \u00df-lactam antibiotics. Effect of a cephalosporin and six penicillins on five aminoglycosides. J Antibiot. 1982;35:850\u20137.","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"167_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31816c4078","volume":"27","author":"E Tay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tay E, Rajan M, Tuft S. Listeria Monocytogenes sclerokeratitis. A case report and literature review. Cornea. 2008;27:947\u20139.","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T15:50:50Z","timestamp":1793807450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-015-0167-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"76"}}