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The objective of the present study was to describe the phenotypic variability of this orofacial malformation in Vorderwald\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Montb\u00e9liarde cattle. For this purpose, a classification system of CLJ was developed on examination of five orofacial structures: (1) lips, (2) the\n                      <jats:italic>processus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>proc.<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\n                      <jats:italic>nasalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      of the\n                      <jats:italic>os incisivum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , (3) the dental plate with adjacent segments of the hard palate, (4) the facial bones (\n                      <jats:italic>os incisivum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>os maxillare<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>os nasale<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>os palatinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and (5) the mandibles. Each structure was given a score reflecting the degree of the lesion from absent (score 0) to severe.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine cases were included in the study and they shared absence of the abaxial rostral part of the\n                      <jats:italic>processus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>proc.<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\n                      <jats:italic>nasalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      of the\n                      <jats:italic>os incisivum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , partial loss of the\n                      <jats:italic>rugae palatinae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the dental plate. A sigmoid curvature of the rostral lower jaw as well as a lateral deviation of the face and rostral lower jaw was highly variable in their expression. These deformations were present in eight of nine cases. In addition to the complete CLJ, three animals had an incomplete CLJ on the contralateral site with variable defects of the rostral part of the\n                      <jats:italic>proc. nasalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      of the\n                      <jats:italic>os incisivum.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A complete CLJ is obviously accompanied by a loss of parts of the\n                      <jats:italic>proc. nasalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      of the\n                      <jats:italic>os incisivum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Extent and localization of the missing parts of the\n                      <jats:italic>proc. nasalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were similar in all cases. A precise classification of the various CLJ forms is necessary.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-015-0177-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T19:52:11Z","timestamp":1450122731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Phenotypic classification of variability of non-syndromic congenital cleft lip and jaw in Vorderwald\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Montb\u00e9liarde cattle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sina","family":"Reinartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Hellige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Feige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottmar","family":"Distl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106961","volume":"51","author":"JD Wheat","year":"1960","unstructured":"Wheat JD. 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