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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in wild boars in northern Spain. The blood of wild boars (n\u00a0=\u00a0505) was sampled between 2001 and 2012. Seroprevalence was determined in 490 serum samples with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-two of the animals were also examined for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the tonsils with real-time polymerase chain reaction. All the tonsils were analysed twice, directly and after cold enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 1\u00a0% mannitol and 0.15\u00a0% bile salts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibodies directed against\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in 52.5\u00a0% of the animals.\n                      <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction in 33.3\u00a0% of the wild boars and\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 25\u00a0%. Significant differences were observed according to the sampling year, and the highest prevalence was during winter and spring. The highest antibody levels and\n                      <jats:italic>Y.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence were observed in mountainous areas at altitudes higher than 600\u00a0m, with very cold winters, and with the highest annual rainfall for each dominant climate. Areas with low and medium livestock populations were associated with the highest seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in wild boars, whereas areas with high ovine populations had the highest prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study shows that\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      are highly prevalent among wild boars in the Basque country, with\n                      <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                      most prevalent. The risk of infection among wild boars is influenced by the season and the area in which they live.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-016-0184-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T02:53:02Z","timestamp":1453258382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in the Basque Country, northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Maialen","family":"Arrausi-Subiza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xeider","family":"Gerrikagoitia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vega","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Carlos","family":"Ibabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Barral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.3991","volume":"13","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2015","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). 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