{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:13:20Z","timestamp":1791684800676,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007356","name":"Fondation M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-IAHU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigate here the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from stool samples of yellow-legged gulls and chickens (n\u2009=\u2009136) in urban parks and beaches of Marseille, France. Bacterial isolation was performed on selective media, including MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone and LBJMR medium. Antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) (i.e. <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>), carbapenemases (<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-24<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-58<\/jats:sub>) and colistin resistance genes (<jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-1 to <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-5) were screened by real-time PCR and standard PCR and sequenced when found.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 136 stools samples collected, seven ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria (BGN) and 12 colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> were isolated. Among them, five ESBL-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and eight colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Hafnia alvei<\/jats:italic> strains were identified. Four <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub> genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and chickens. Three CTX-M-15 genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and pigeons, and one CTX-M-1 in a yellow-legged gull. No <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-1 to <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-5 gene were detected in colistin-resistant isolates. Genotyping of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains revealed four different sequence types already described in humans and animals and one new sequence type.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Urban birds, which are believed to have no contact with antibiotics appear as potential source of ESBL genes. Our findings highlight the important role of urban birds in the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and also the possible zoonotic transmission of such bacteria from wild birds to humans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1572525116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Investigation of urban birds as source of \u03b2-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Marseille city, France"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Edgarthe Priscilla","family":"Ngaiganam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Pagnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Chaalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thongpan","family":"Leangapichart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Chabou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydina Mouhamadou","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146","volume":"72","author":"ER Bevan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bevan ER, Jones AM, Hawkey PM. Global epidemiology of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases: temporal and geographical shifts in genotype. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:2145\u201355.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0248","volume":"21","author":"IE Maciuca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maciuca IE, et al. High prevalence of Escherichia coli-producing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in poultry and human clinical isolates in Romania. Microb Drug Resist. 2015;21:651\u201362.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist."},{"key":"486_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.11.002","volume":"13","author":"S Chabou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chabou S, Leulmi H, Davoust B, Aouadi A, Rolain JM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase- and carbapenemase-encoding genes in poultry faeces from Algeria and Marseille, France. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2018;13:28\u201332.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-017-6523-3","volume":"55","author":"CA Borges","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borges CA, et al. Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential. J Microbiol. 2017;55:344\u20138.","journal-title":"J Microbiol."},{"key":"486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0158","volume":"21","author":"J B\u00e1ez","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00e1ez J, et al. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of ESBL-producing-Escherichia coli colonizing the migratory Franklin\u2019s Gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in Antofagasta, north of Chile. Microb Drug Resist. 2015;21:111\u20136.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05982-11","volume":"56","author":"L Poirel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poirel L, Potron A, De La Cuesta C, Cleary T, Nordmann P, Munoz-Price LS. Wild coastline birds as reservoirs of broad-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Miami beach, Florida. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:2756\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"486_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005958","volume":"4","author":"J Bonnedahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonnedahl J, et al. Dissemination of Escherichia coli with CTX-M type ESBL between humans and yellow-legged gulls in the south of France. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e5958.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"486_CR8","first-page":"57","volume":"2","author":"J Stedt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stedt J, et al. Carriage of CTX-M type extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in gulls across Europe. Acta Vet Scand. 2015;2:57\u201374.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"486_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6924","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01120-16","volume":"60","author":"A Liakopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liakopoulos A, et al. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from wild Kelp Gulls in South America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60:6924\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12340","volume":"64","author":"K Blanco-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanco-Pe\u00f1a K, Esper\u00f3n F, Torres-Mej\u00eda AM, de la Torre A, de la Cruz E, Jim\u00e9nez-Soto M. Antimicrobial resistance genes in pigeons from public parks in Costa Rica. Zoonoses Public Health. 2017;64:23\u201330.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"486_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.003","volume":"38","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Ma Z-B, Zeng Z-L, Yang X-W, Huang Y, Liu J-H. The role of wildlife (wild birds) in the global transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes. Zool Res. 2017;38:55\u201380.","journal-title":"Zool Res."},{"key":"486_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.7589\/2016-03-051","volume":"53","author":"L Migura-Garcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Migura-Garcia L, Ramos R, Cerd\u00e0-Cu\u00e9llar M. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. isolated from an opportunistic gull species, yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). J Wildl Dis. 2017;53:148\u201352.","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis."},{"key":"486_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2016.06.017","volume":"13","author":"S Chabou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chabou S, Leangapichart T, Okdah L, Le Page S, Hadjadj L, Rolain J-M. Real-time quantitative PCR assay with Taqman((R)) probe for rapid detection of MCR-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. New microbes new Infect. 2016;13:71\u20134.","journal-title":"New microbes new Infect."},{"key":"486_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4263-4270.2004","volume":"48","author":"T Kruger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kruger T, et al. Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella species producing TEM-63 or a novel TEM enzyme, TEM-131, in South Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:4263\u201370.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100956","volume":"9","author":"N Roschanski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roschanski N, Fischer J, Guerra B, Roesler U. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of the predominant beta-lactamase genes CTX-M, SHV, TEM and CIT-type ampcs in Enterobacteriaceae. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e100956.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"486_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3724-3732.2003","volume":"47","author":"M Edelstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Edelstein M, Pimkin M, Palagin I, Edelstein I, Stratchounski L. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of CTX-M in Russian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:3724\u201332.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1128-x","volume":"17","author":"L Bardet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bardet L, Le Page S, Leangapichart T, Rolain JM. LBJMR medium: a new polyvalent culture medium for isolating and selecting vancomycin and colistin-resistant bacteria. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"486_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00791","volume":"6","author":"N Singhal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:791.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"486_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S202048","volume":"12","author":"TDA Ly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ly TDA, et al. Low prevalence of resistance genes in sheltered homeless population in Marseille, France, 2014\u20132018. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:1139\u201351.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"486_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02071-16","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02071-16","volume":"61","author":"A Vergara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vergara A, et al. Prevalence of extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase- and\/or carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from yellow-legged gulls from Barcelona. Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61:e02071-16.","journal-title":"Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"486_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2018.09.010","volume":"99","author":"M Dolejska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dolejska M, Papagiannitsis CC. Plasmid-mediated resistance is going wild. Plasmid. 2018;99:99\u2013111.","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"486_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02299","volume":"9","author":"I Dandachi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dandachi I, Chabou S, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Prevalence and emergence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram negative bacteria of animal origin in the Mediterranean basin. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2299.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"486_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0708","volume":"80","author":"A Nahar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nahar A, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in domestic and imported chicken meats in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2018;80:510\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"486_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0197-x","volume":"16","author":"M Elhariri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elhariri M, Hamza D, Elhelw R, Dorgham SM. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in camel in Egypt: potential human hazard. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017;16:21.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob."},{"key":"486_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-3073-9","volume":"5","author":"BT Odumosu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odumosu BT, Ajetunmobi O, Dada-Adegbola H, Odutayo I. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and analysis of plasmid profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from human, animal and plant sources. Springerplus. 2016;5:1381.","journal-title":"Springerplus."},{"key":"486_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00258-15","volume":"81","author":"K Zurfluh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zurfluh K, N\u00fcesch-Inderbinen M, Morach M, Berner AZ, H\u00e4chler H, Stephan R. Extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from vegetables imported from the Dominican Republic, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;81:3115\u201320.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"486_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0379","volume":"7","author":"B Healy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Healy B, et al. Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii): an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010;7:339\u201350.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"486_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02026","volume":"8","author":"P Fei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fei P, et al. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates from powdered infant formula collected from Chinese retail markets. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2026.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"486_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.03.003","volume":"204","author":"X Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu X, Li C, Wu Q, Zhang J, Huang J, Yang G. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. in Chinese ready-to-eat foods. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015;204:17\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol."},{"key":"486_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/863131","volume":"2015","author":"M Stanic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stanic M, Meusburger E, Hartmann G, Lhotta K. Hafnia alvei urosepsis in a kidney transplant patient. Case rep Transplant. 2015;2015:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Case rep Transplant."},{"key":"486_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx154","volume":"72","author":"A Jayol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jayol A, Saly M, Nordmann P, M\u00e9nard A, Poirel L, Dubois V. Hafnia, an enterobacterial genus naturally resistant to colistin revealed by three susceptibility testing methods. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:2507\u201311.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129085","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129085","volume":"10","author":"AHAM van Hoek","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Hoek AHAM, Schouls L, van Santen MG, Florijn A, de Greeff SC, van Duijkeren E. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from humans in the community. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0129085.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"486_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153561","volume":"11","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo Y, et al. Frequency, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in food samples. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0153561.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"486_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01174-13","volume":"57","author":"MHY Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong MHY, Yan M, Chan EWC, Liu LZ, Kan B, Chen S. Expansion of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ST34 clone carrying multiple resistance determinants in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:4599\u2013601.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"486_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03552-14","volume":"59","author":"C Al Bayssari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al Bayssari C, Olaitan AO, Dabboussi F, Hamze M, Rolain JM. Emergence of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli clone ST38 in fowl. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:745\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:15:00Z","timestamp":1604016900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-019-0486-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}