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We analysed blood and faeces from five accidentally exposed dogs and 110 healthy dogs by reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The aim of the study was to estimate elimination of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum after acute exposure, calculate the half-lives of these rodenticides in dogs, estimate faecal elimination in a litter of puppies born, and further to identify the extent of AR exposure in a healthy dog population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three dogs were included after single ingestions of brodifacoum; two dogs ingested bromadiolone and one dog ingested difenacoum. Maximum concentrations in faeces were found after day 2\u20133 for all ARs. The distribution half-lives were 1\u201310\u00a0days for brodifacoum, 1\u20132\u00a0days for bromadiolone and 10\u00a0days for difenacoum. Brodifacoum and difenacoum had estimated terminal half-lives of 200\u2013330\u00a0days and 190\u00a0days, respectively. In contrast, bromadiolone had an estimated terminal half-life of 30\u00a0days. No clinical signs of poisoning or coagulopathy were observed in terminal elimination period. In blood, the terminal half-life of brodifacoum was estimated to 8\u00a0days. Faeces from a litter of puppies born from one of the poisoned dogs were examined, and measurable concentrations of brodifacoum were detected in all samples for at least 28\u00a0days after parturition. A cross-sectional study of 110 healthy domestic dogs was performed to estimate ARs exposure in a dog population. Difenacoum was detected in faeces of one dog. Blood and faecal samples from the remaining dogs were negative for all ARs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the limited pharmacokinetic data from these dogs, our results suggest that ARs have a biphasic elimination in faeces using a two-compartment elimination kinetics model. We have shown that faecal analysis is suitable and reliable for the assessment of ARs exposure in dogs and a tool for estimating the AR half-lives. Half-lives of ARs could be a valuable indicator in the exposed dogs and provides important information for veterinarians monitoring AR exposure and assessment of treatment length in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-020-00531-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T14:03:47Z","timestamp":1592316227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Determination of anticoagulant rodenticides in faeces of exposed dogs and in a healthy dog population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin Opdal","family":"Seljetun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vigdis","family":"Vindenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth Leere","family":"\u00d8iestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd-Wenche","family":"Brochmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"531_CR1","unstructured":"Veterinary Poisons Information Service: Annual report 2017. https:\/\/www.vpisglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/vpis-annual-report-2017.pdf. 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All dog owners gave written informed consent before participation. Collection of blood and faeces from healthy client-owned dogs was approved by the National Ethics Committee for animal care and use, which falls under the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (FOTS ID 13821).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30"}}