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There are many case reports of reptile-associated\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections worldwide, including one case in Norway in 2000. In August 2017, there was a legislative change in Norway that allowed more permissive reptile ownership and legalized the keeping of 19 different reptile species by private persons. There has been a concern that this new legislation will lead to an increase in reptile-associated salmonellosis in Norway, however knowledge is lacking on the occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in Norwegian reptiles. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in captive reptile species in Norway, identify the serovars and evaluate their zoonotic potential. Thus, cloacal swabs were taken from 53 snakes, 15 lizards and 35 chelonians from three Norwegian zoos, and assessed for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. by culture, biochemical testing and serotyping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 43% of the reptiles were shedding\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., with a prevalence of 62%, 67% and 3% in snakes, lizards and chelonians, respectively. A total of 26 different serovars were found, including\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (40%) and\n                      <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>arizonae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4%), both of which are considered to have a high zoonotic potential.\n                      <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>diarizonae, salamae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>houtenae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were also identified, however these serovars are considered to have a lower zoonotic potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study demonstrates that captive Norwegian reptiles are carriers of potentially zoonotic\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Given the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets and the legislative change, reptile-associated salmonellosis could become an increasingly important public health concern in Norway. Adequate public information about the risk of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection as well as preventive measures to avoid\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmission from reptiles to humans is needed. The risk of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection is considered low when recommended precautions are taken and good hygiene exhibited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-020-0502-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1578571430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from reptiles in Norwegian zoos"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9970-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane Mohn","family":"Bjelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena Maria","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Muri","family":"Skarstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn","family":"Svendal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John James","family":"Debenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2465-2467.2000","volume":"38","author":"FW Brenner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brenner FW, Villar RG, Angulo FJ, Tauxe R, Swaminathan B. 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