{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:45:55Z","timestamp":1778183155271,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004360","name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) has previously been highlighted as a breed at risk for developing immune mediated diseases and cancer. The immune response is of great importance for the development of neoplastic disease and a dysregulated immune response may predispose to cancer. Two of the commonly seen immune mediated diseases in NSDTRs are immune mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), which bears similarities to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affecting humans, and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), which is a non-infectious inflammation of the meninges and the leptomeningeal vessels. The aim of this survey study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of immune mediated diseases and tumors among Swedish NSDTRs based on owners\u2019 information. The study design was cross-sectional. A questionnaire was sent to 4102 persons who owned or had previously owned a NSDTR. The questions concerned information about the dog and its overall health status as well as specific diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The response rate was 30%, including 935 live NSDTRs, corresponding to approximately 20% of the current population registered in Sweden (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094564), and 177 dead dogs. The surveyed dogs were spread over different ages and sex and corresponded to the typical demographic profile of the general dog population. Of the 935 individuals that were alive, 28 dogs (3%) were reported as previously diagnosed with IMRD and 33 dogs (3.5%) were reported as previously diagnosed with SRMA, one dog was reported to have been diagnosed with both SRMA and IMRD. There were 129 dogs (14%) reported to have or have had a neoplasia of some kind. For the dead dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009177), almost 40% of the owners reported neoplasia as the main reason for death\/euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study reports an estimated lifetime prevalence of IMRD and SRMA, in the studied population of Swedish NSDTRs, of 3.0 and 3.5% respectively. In this study, 14% of the living dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009935) were reported to have a neoplasia of some kind and almost 40% of the deceased dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009177) were euthanized due to neoplasia or suspicion of it.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T11:02:14Z","timestamp":1723719734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In sickness and health - a questionnaire based study regarding immune mediated diseases and neoplasia in Swedish Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8619-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Kozyrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Lindblad-Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"R\u00f6nnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Hansson-Hamlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"761_CR1","unstructured":"Jordbruksverket. Antal hundar per ras 2022, December 31 [ https:\/\/jordbruksverket.se\/download\/18.2bbb72e1859903faf6a2bc9\/1673448266626\/Antal-hundar-per-ras-2022-tga.pdf"},{"key":"761_CR2","first-page":"350","volume":"72","author":"KP Anfinsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anfinsen KP, Berendt M, Liste FJ, Haagensen TR, Indrebo A, Lingaas F, et al. A retrospective epidemiological study of clinical signs and familial predisposition associated with aseptic meningitis in the Norwegian population of Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers born 1994\u20132003. Can J Vet Res. 2008;72:350\u20135.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"761_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102960","volume":"177","author":"HD Bremer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bremer HD, Vilson A, Bonnett BN, Hansson-Hamlin H. Disease patterns and incidence of immune-mediated disease in insured Swedish Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers. Vet Rec. 2015;177:74.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"761_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-51-16","volume":"51","author":"H Hansson-Hamlin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hansson-Hamlin H, Lilliehook I. A possible systemic rheumatic disorder in the Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever. Acta Vet Scand. 2009;51:16.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"761_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101847","volume":"173","author":"H Hansson-Hamlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansson-Hamlin H, Lilliehook I. Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers. Vet Rec. 2013;173:527.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"761_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102400","volume":"18","author":"DS Pisetsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pisetsky DS, Bossuyt X, Meroni PL. ANA as an entry criterion for the classification of SLE. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18:102400.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5756","volume":"48","author":"KC Johnson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnson KC, Mackin A. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis: part 2: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2012;48:71\u201382.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"761_CR8","first-page":"909","volume":"28","author":"D Bennett","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bennett D. Immune-based nonerosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog.3. Canine idiopathic polyarthritis. JSAP. 1987;28:909\u201328.","journal-title":"JSAP"},{"key":"761_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1323","volume":"224","author":"DN Clements","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clements DN, Gear RN, Tattersall J, Carmichael S, Bennett D. Type I immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 39 cases (1997\u20132002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224:1323\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"761_CR10","first-page":"311","volume":"35","author":"A Tipold","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tipold A, Jaggy A. Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs - long-term study of 32 cases. JSAP. 1994;35:311\u20136.","journal-title":"JSAP"},{"key":"761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03205.x","volume":"41","author":"S Cizinauskas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cizinauskas S, Jaggy A, Tipold A. Long-term treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis: clinical, laboratory and therapeutic results. J Small Anim Pract. 2000;41:295\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"761_CR12","unstructured":"Nelson RWaC C, Guillermo. Small animal internal medicine: Elsevier; 2020."},{"key":"761_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00848.x","volume":"51","author":"A Tipold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tipold A, Schatzberg SJ. An update on steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51:150\u20134.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"761_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2002.0259","volume":"16","author":"M Petri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petri M. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16:847\u201358.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"761_CR15","unstructured":"Nelson RW, Couto GC. Small animal Internal Medicine. Elsevier; 2019. p. 1203."},{"key":"761_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0337.x","volume":"23","author":"M Lowrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lowrie M, Penderis J, McLaughlin M, Eckersall PD, Anderson TJ. Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis: a prospective study of potential disease markers, prednisolone treatment, and long-term outcome in 20 dogs (2006\u20132008). J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23:862\u201370.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12418","volume":"57","author":"E Biedermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biedermann E, Tipold A, Flegel T. Relapses in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. J Small Anim Pract. 2016;57:91\u20135.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(85)50036-4","volume":"15","author":"DW Macy","year":"1985","unstructured":"Macy DW. Canine mast cell tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1985;15:783\u2013803.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"761_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(86)90002-3","volume":"142","author":"DE Bostock","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bostock DE. Neoplasms of the skin and subcutaneous tissues in dogs and cats. Br Vet J. 1986;142:1\u201319.","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"761_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941275","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/941275","volume":"2013","author":"JM Dobson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobson JM. Breed-predispositions to cancer in pedigree dogs. ISRN Vet Sci. 2013;2013:941275.","journal-title":"ISRN Vet Sci"},{"key":"761_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x","volume":"51","author":"VJ Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams VJ, Evans KM, Sampson J, Wood JL. Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51:512\u201324.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"761_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00010-2","volume":"58","author":"HF Proschowsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proschowsky HF, Rugbjerg H, Ersboll AK. Mortality of purebred and mixed-breed dogs in Denmark. Prev Vet Med. 2003;58:63\u201374.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"761_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-46-105","volume":"46","author":"BN Bonnett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bonnett BN, Egenvall A, Hedhammar A, Olson P. Mortality in over 350,000 insured Swedish dogs from 1995\u20132000: I. Breed-, gender-, age- and cause-specific rates. Acta Vet Scand. 2005;46:105\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0695.x","volume":"25","author":"JM Fleming","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleming JM, Creevy KE, Promislow DE. Mortality in north American dogs from 1984 to 2004: an investigation into age-, size-, and breed-related causes of death. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25:187\u201398.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646\u201374.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12470","volume":"279","author":"S Muenst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muenst S, Laubli H, Soysal SD, Zippelius A, Tzankov A, Hoeller S. The immune system and cancer evasion strategies: therapeutic concepts. J Intern Med. 2016;279:541\u201362.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"761_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00155.x","volume":"35","author":"H Hansson-Hamlin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansson-Hamlin H, Lilliehook I, Trowald-Wigh G. Subgroups of canine antinuclear antibodies in relation to laboratory and clinical findings in immune-mediated disease. Vet Clin Pathol. 2006;35:397\u2013404.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"761_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102845","volume":"132","author":"M Aringer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, Dorner T, Johnson SR. Advances in SLE classification criteria. J Autoimmun. 2022;132:102845.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T21:04:02Z","timestamp":1726002242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00761-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"There was an unnecessary word \u201clegend\u201d mentioned in the tables\u2019 legends. It should not be there.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not require any ethical approval. According to standard procedure, responding to the questionnaire was regarded as consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39"}}