{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:35:46Z","timestamp":1740144946736,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Centrifugation is a common procedure to improve the quality of chilled and frozen canine semen by removing debris and seminal plasma and adding semen extenders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and influence of a second centrifugation after 48\u00a0h of storage at 5\u00a0\u00b0C on the sperm quality of canine semen. The ejaculates of 45 healthy male dogs, divided into three groups according to body weight, were analyzed for macro- and microparameters such as ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, kinematic parameters, morphology, and integrity of plasma membrane. Samples were analyzed at baseline conditions (T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>), after 24\u00a0h (T<jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>) and after 48\u00a0h (T<jats:sub>48<\/jats:sub>) to assess the effects of the different treatments on sperm quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed a significant effect of a second centrifugation on the improvement of chilled sperm quality compared to the other techniques, especially up to 48\u00a0h.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Analysis of the data showed that the semen samples centrifuged and then cooled at 5\u00a0\u00b0C had acceptable semen parameters, especially in terms of motility, with a gradual decrease in serial evaluations after 24 and 48\u00a0h. A second centrifugation after 48\u00a0h of storage may lead to better semen quality and improve the kinetics of sperm parameters, the percentage of morphologically normal sperm and the percentage of sperm with intact membranes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T08:27:49Z","timestamp":1726043269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing canine semen quality through a second centrifugation after 48\u00a0hours of storage: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Letizia","family":"Sinagra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Polisca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Caspanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Pettina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Majo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santo","family":"Cristarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Quartuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Zappone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.017","volume":"68","author":"MV Root Kustritz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Root Kustritz MV. The value of canine semen evaluation for practitioners. Theriogenology. 2007;68:329\u201337.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1983.tb02368.x","volume":"4","author":"AP Chong","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chong AP, Walters CA, Weinrieb SA. The neglected laboratory test. The semen analysis. J Androl. 1983;4:280\u20132.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137624","volume":"7","author":"FH Comhaire","year":"1992","unstructured":"Comhaire FH, Huysse S, Hinting A, Vermeulen L, Schoonjans F, Opinion. Objective semen analysis: has the target been reached? Hum Reprod. 1992;7:237\u201341.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0531.2002.00356.x","volume":"37","author":"T Rijsselaere","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rijsselaere T, Van Soom A, Maes D, De Kruif A. Use of the sperm quality analyzer (SQA II-C) for the assessment of dog sperm quality. Reprod Domest Anim. 2002;37:158\u201363.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59782-9","volume":"49","author":"D Vantman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vantman D, Koukoulis G, Dennison L, Zinaman M, Sherins RJ. Computer-assisted semen analysis: evaluation of method and assessment of the influence of sperm concentration on linear velocity determination. Fertil Steril. 1988;49:510\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.08.012","volume":"87","author":"A Hesser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hesser A, Darr C, Gonzales K, Power H, Scanlan T, Thompson J, et al. Semen evaluation and fertility assessment in a purebred dog breeding facility. Theriogenology. 2017;87:115\u201323.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75739-X","volume":"81","author":"JHG Den Daas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Den Daas JHG, De Jong G, Lansbergen LMTE, Van Wagtendonk-De Leeuw AM. The relationship between the number of spermatozoa inseminated and the reproductive efficiency of individual dairy bulls. J Dairy Sci. 1998;81:1714\u201323.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"767_CR8","first-page":"1247","volume-title":"Current veterinary therapy X: small animal practice","author":"PW Concannon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Concannon PW, Battista M. Canine semen freezing and artificial insemination. In: Kirk RW, Bonagura JD, editors. Current veterinary therapy X: small animal practice. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 1989. pp. 1247\u201359."},{"key":"767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.022","volume":"66","author":"R Thomassen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomassen R, Sanson G, Krogen\u00e6s A, Fougner JA, Berg KA, Farstad W. Artificial insemination with frozen semen in dogs: a retrospective study of 10 years using a non-surgical approach. Theriogenology. 2006;66:1645\u201350.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.07.006","volume":"68","author":"AKM Shahiduzzaman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shahiduzzaman AKM, Linde-Forsberg C. Induced immotility during long-term storage at +\u20095\u00b0C does not prolong survival of dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 2007;68:920\u201333.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.05.035","volume":"64","author":"JP Verstegen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verstegen JP, Onclin K, Iguer-Ouada M. Long-term motility and fertility conservation of chilled canine semen using egg yolk added tris\u2013glucose extender: in vitro and in vivo studies. Theriogenology. 2005;64:720\u201333.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.02.014","volume":"62","author":"S Ponglowhapan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ponglowhapan S, Ess\u00e9n-Gustavsson B, Linde Forsberg C. Influence of glucose and fructose in the extender during long-term storage of chilled canine semen. Theriogenology. 2004;62:1498\u2013517.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.158","volume":"5","author":"VV Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen VV, Ponchunchoovong S, Kupittayanant S, Kupittayanant P. Effects of egg yolk and soybean lecithin on sperm quality determined by computer-assisted sperm analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope in chilled canine sperm. Vet Med Sci. 2019;5:345\u201360.","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764750","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.764750","volume":"8","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-Barbitta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Barbitta M, Rivera Salinas C. Evaluation of chilled dog semen extended with sperm activator. Front Vet Sci. 2022;8:764750.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00106-5","volume":"52","author":"C Linde-Forsberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Linde-Forsberg C, Str\u00f6m Holst B, Govette G. Comparison of fertility data from vaginal vs intrauterine insemination of frozen-thawed dog semen: a retrospective study. Theriogenology. 1999;52:11\u201323.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.04.018","volume":"121","author":"CC Love","year":"2010","unstructured":"Love CC, Thompson JA, Brinsko SP, Blanchard TL, Varner DD. Effect of inter-stallion seminal plasma variability on motility, viability, and DNA integrity of cauda epididymal sperm. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121:191.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"767_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(92)90195-W","volume":"37","author":"GCW England","year":"1992","unstructured":"England GCW, Allen WE. Factors affecting the viability of canine spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 1992;37:373\u201381.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00218-8","volume":"61","author":"N Kawano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kawano N, Shimada M, Terada T. Motility and penetration competence of frozen\u2013thawed miniature pig spermatozoa are substantially altered by exposure to seminal plasma before freezing. Theriogenology. 2004;61:351\u201364.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1593","volume":"374","author":"M Gasset","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gasset M, Magdaleno L, Calvete JJ. Biophysical study of the perturbation of model membrane structure caused by seminal plasma protein PDC-109. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000;374:241\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"767_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352009000100015","volume":"61","author":"ICN Cunha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cunha ICN, Lopes MD. Effect of centrifugation on quality of canine semen. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2009;61:104\u20139.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"767_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00446-9","volume":"69","author":"DT Carrell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carrell DT, Kuneck PH, Peterson CM, Hatasaka HH, Jones KP, Campbell BF. A randomized, prospective analysis of five sperm preparation techniques before intrauterine insemination of husband sperm. Fertil Steril. 1998;69:122\u20136.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"767_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13081421","volume":"13","author":"N Sugai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sugai N, Werre S, Cecere J, Balogh O. Defining an optimal range of centrifugation parameters for canine semen processing. Animals. 2023;13:1421.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"767_CR23","first-page":"289","volume":"39","author":"W Farstad","year":"1989","unstructured":"Farstad W, Berg KA. Factors influencing the success rate of artificial insemination with frozen semen in the dog. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1989;39:289\u201392.","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"767_CR24","first-page":"317","volume":"39","author":"JA Fougner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fougner JA. Artificial insemination in fox breeding. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1989;39:317\u201323.","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"767_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00122-8","volume":"50","author":"AI Pe\u00f1a","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a AI, Barrio F, Quintela LA, Herrad\u00f3n PG. Effect of different glycerol treatments on frozen-thawed dog sperm longevity and acrosomal integrity. Theriogenology. 1998;50:163\u201374.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)80010-7","volume":"51","author":"A Rota","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rota A, Iguer-Ouada M, Verstegen J, Linde-Forsberg C. Fertility after vaginal or uterine deposition of dog semen frozen in a tris extender with or without equex STM paste. Theriogenology. 1999;51:1045\u201358.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(93)90290-L","volume":"40","author":"PGA Thomas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas PGA, Larsen RE, Burns JM, Hahn CN. A comparison of three packaging techniques using two extenders for the cryopreservation of canine semen. Theriogenology. 1993;40:1199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.01.022","volume":"74","author":"M Hoogewijs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoogewijs M, Rijsselaere T, De Vliegher S, Vanhaesebrouck E, De Schauwer C, Govaere J, et al. Influence of different centrifugation protocols on equine semen preservation. Theriogenology. 2010;74:118\u201326.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(91)90282-I","volume":"35","author":"DJ Jasko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jasko DJ, Lein DH, Foote RH. The repeatability and effect of season on seminal characteristics and computer-aided sperm analysis in the stallion. Theriogenology. 1991;35:317\u201327.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)40938-6","volume":"26","author":"BW Pickett","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pickett BW, Sullivan JJ, Byers WW, Pace MM, Remmenga EE. Effect of centrifugation and seminal plasma on motility and fertility of stallion and bull spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 1975;26:167\u201374.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"767_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060714","volume":"12","author":"G Domain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Domain G, Ali Hassan H, Wydooghe E, Bogado Pascottini O, Johannisson A, Morrell JM, et al. Influence of single layer centrifugation with Canicoll on semen freezability in dogs. Animals. 2022;12:714.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"767_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1071\/RD15071","volume":"28","author":"J Dorado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dorado J, G\u00e1lvez MJ, Demyda-Peyr\u00e1s S, Ortiz I, Morrell JM, Crespo F, et al. Differences in preservation of canine chilled semen using simple sperm washing, single-layer centrifugation and modified swim-up preparation techniques. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2016;28:1545.","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"767_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102806","volume":"176","author":"MJ G\u00e1lvez","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00e1lvez MJ, Ortiz I, Hidalgo M, Morrell JM, Dorado J. Should single layer centrifugation of dog semen be done before or after the semen is cooled? Vet Rec. 2015;176:359\u2013359.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"767_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102010","volume":"175","author":"M Hidalgo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hidalgo M, Portero JM, Demyda-Peyr\u00e1s S, Ortiz I, Dorado J. Cryopreservation of canine semen after cold storage in a Neopor box: effect of extender, centrifugation and storage time. Vet Rec. 2014;175:20\u201320.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"767_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106539","volume":"219","author":"V Lu\u00f1o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu\u00f1o V, Gonz\u00e1lez N, Mart\u00ednez F, Revert A, Morrell JM, Gil L. Colloid centrifugation reduces bacterial load in chilled dog semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2020;219:106539.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"767_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.07.015","volume":"72","author":"M Koderle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koderle M, Aurich C, Sch\u00e4fer-Somi S. The influence of cryopreservation and seminal plasma on the chromatin structure of dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 2009;72:1215\u201320.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)00663-5","volume":"57","author":"T Rijsselaere","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rijsselaere T, Van Soom A, Maes D, De Kruif A. Effect of centrifugation on in vitro survival of fresh diluted canine spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 2002;57:1669\u201381.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1992.tb02664.x","volume":"24","author":"K Coetzee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coetzee K, Franken DR, Kruger TF, Lombard CJ. Effect of multiple centrifugations on the evaluation of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. Andrologia. 2009;24:331\u20134.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"767_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138198","volume":"8","author":"JG Alvarez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alvarez JG, Lasso JL, Blasco L, Nu\u00f1ez RC, Heyner S, Caballero PP, et al. Centrifugation of human spermatozoa induces sublethal damage; separation of human spermatozoa from seminal plasma by a dextran swim-up procedure without centrifugation extends their motile lifetime. Hum Reprod. 1993;8:1087\u201392.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"767_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.006","volume":"191","author":"M Neila-Montero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neila-Montero M, Riesco MF, Montes-Garrido R, Palacin-Martinez C, Chamorro C, de Paz P, et al. An optimized centrifugation protocol for ram sperm ensuring high sample yield, quality and fertility. Theriogenology. 2022;191:179\u201391.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.07.011","volume":"78","author":"MS Ferrer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferrer MS, Lyle SK, Eilts BE, Eljarrah AH, Paccamonti DL. Factors affecting sperm recovery rates and survival after centrifugation of equine semen. Theriogenology. 2012;78:1814\u201323.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/10.6.1444","volume":"10","author":"A Zalata","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zalata A, Hafez T, Comhaire F. Evaluation of the role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:1444\u201351.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"767_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00770-6","volume":"56","author":"A Zini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zini A, Finelli A, Phang D, Jarvi K. Influence of semen processing technique on human sperm DNA integrity. Urology. 2000;56:1081\u20134.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"767_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1998.2128","volume":"37","author":"II Katkov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Katkov II, Katkova N, Critser JK, Mazur P. Mouse spermatozoa in high concentrations of glycerol: chemical toxicity vs osmotic shock at normal and reduced oxygen concentrations. Cryobiology. 1998;37:325\u201338.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"767_CR45","first-page":"299","volume":"89","author":"K Knop","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knop K, Hoffmann N, Rath D, Sieme H. Evaluation of slow cooling after centrifugation and glycerol addition at 22 degrees C versus direct freezing of semen in stallions with good and poor sperm longevity. Anim Reprod Sci. 2005;89:299\u2013302.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"767_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.09.003","volume":"73","author":"JA Len","year":"2010","unstructured":"Len JA, Jenkins JA, Eilts BE, Paccamonti DL, Lyle SK, Hosgood G. Immediate and delayed (after cooling) effects of centrifugation on equine sperm. Theriogenology. 2010;73:225\u201331.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR47","volume-title":"Canine and feline theriogenology","author":"SD Johnston","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnston SD, Root Kustritz MV, Olson PS. Canine and feline theriogenology. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001.","edition":"1"},{"key":"767_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.07.027","volume":"80","author":"J Dorado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dorado J, G\u00e1lvez MJ, Morrell JM, Alcar\u00e1z L, Hidalgo M. Use of single-layer centrifugation with Androcoll-C to enhance sperm quality in frozen-thawed dog semen. Theriogenology. 2013;80:955\u201362.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.06.021","volume":"101","author":"FK Hollinshead","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hollinshead FK, Hanlon DW. Factors affecting the reproductive performance of bitches: a prospective cohort study involving 1203 inseminations with fresh and frozen semen. Theriogenology. 2017;101:62\u201372.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.08.032","volume":"135","author":"S Goericke-Pesch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goericke-Pesch S, Klaus D, Failing K, Wehrend A. Longevity of chilled canine semen comparing different extenders. Anim Reprod Sci. 2012;135:97\u2013105.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"767_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00278-G","volume":"44","author":"A Rota","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rota A, Str\u00f6m B, Linde-Forsberg C. Effects of seminal plasma and three extenders on canine semen stored at 4\u00b0C. Theriogenology. 1995;44:885\u2013900.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.05.018","volume":"118","author":"M Tesi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tesi M, Sabatini C, Vannozzi I, Di Petta G, Panzani D, Camillo F, et al. Variables affecting semen quality and its relation to fertility in the dog: a retrospective study. Theriogenology. 2018;118:34\u20139.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01418.x","volume":"44","author":"W Farstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farstad W. Cryopreservation of canine semen - new challenges. Reprod Domest Anim. 2009;44:336\u201341.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"767_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2021.0054","volume":"20","author":"MS Araujo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Araujo MS, De Oliveira Henriques Paulo OL, Paulini F, De Souza Ramos Angrimani D, Tsunemi MH, De Dell\u2019Aqua PF. Seminal plasma does not influence canine semen stored at 5\u00b0C for long-term conservation. Biopreserv Biobank. 2022;20:149\u201362.","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"767_CR55","volume-title":"BSAVA manual of canine and feline reproduction and neonatology","author":"GCW England","year":"2010","unstructured":"England GCW, von Heimendahl A. British Small Animal Veterinary Association. editors. BSAVA manual of canine and feline reproduction and neonatology. 2nd ed. Quedgeley, Gloucester [England]: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2010.","edition":"2"},{"key":"767_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00743.x","volume":"42","author":"T Rijsselaere","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rijsselaere T, Maes D, Hoflack G, De Kruif A, Van Soom A. Effect of body weight, age and breeding history on canine sperm quality parameters measured by the Hamilton-Thorne analyser. Reprod Domest Anim. 2007;42:143\u20138.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"767_CR57","volume-title":"Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thrall MA, editor. Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.","edition":"2"},{"key":"767_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00440-X","volume":"55","author":"M Iguer-ouada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iguer-ouada M, Verstegen JP. Evaluation of the Hamilton Thorn computer-based automated system for dog semen analysis. Theriogenology. 2001;55:733\u201349.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17475","volume":"30","author":"M Yeste","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeste M, Bonet S, Rodr\u00edguez-Gil JE, Rivera Del \u00c1lamo MM. Evaluation of sperm motility with CASA-Mot: which factors may influence our measurements? Reprod Fertil Dev. 2018;30:789.","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"767_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.02134.x","volume":"48","author":"S Goericke-Pesch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goericke-Pesch S, Failing K. Retrospective analysis of canine semen evaluations with special emphasis on the use of the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test and acrosomal evaluation using Spermac \u00ae. Reprod Domest Anim. 2013;48:213\u20137.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"767_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02809.x","volume":"36","author":"M Dahlbom","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dahlbom M, Andersson M, Huszenicza G, Alanko M. Poor semen quality in Irish wolfhounds: a clinical, hormonal and spermatological study. J Small Anim Pract. 1995;36:547\u201352.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"767_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod29.5.1114","volume":"29","author":"TT Olar","year":"1983","unstructured":"Olar TT, Amann RP, Pickett BW. Relationships among testicular size, daily production and output of spermatozoa, and extragonadal spermatozoal reserves of the dog. Biol Reprod. 1983;29:1114\u201320.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"767_CR63","first-page":"171","volume":"109","author":"J Hendrikse","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hendrikse J, Antonisse HW. [Evaluation of dog sperm]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1984;109:171\u20134.","journal-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd"},{"key":"767_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7541048x","volume":"75","author":"GH Coulter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coulter GH, Cook RB, Kastelic JP. Effects of dietary energy on scrotal surface temperature, seminal quality, and sperm production in young beef bulls. J Anim Sci. 1997;75:1048.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"767_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.11.003","volume":"66","author":"G Hoflack","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoflack G, Van Soom A, Maes D, De Kruif A, Opsomer G, Duchateau L. Breeding soundness and libido examination of Belgian Blue and Holstein Friesian artificial insemination bulls in Belgium and the Netherlands. Theriogenology. 2006;66:207\u201316.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.02.025","volume":"74","author":"A Contri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Contri A, Valorz C, Faustini M, Wegher L, Carluccio A. Effect of semen preparation on casa motility results in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 2010;74:424\u201335.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"767_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0088-6","volume":"7","author":"A Gloria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gloria A, Carluccio A, Wegher L, Robbe D, Befacchia G, Contri A. Single and double layer centrifugation improve the quality of cryopreserved bovine sperm from poor quality ejaculates. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2016;7:30.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T09:08:33Z","timestamp":1726045713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00767-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1751-0147"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not require official or institutional ethical approval. The animals were handled according to high ethical standards and national legislation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}