{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:17:28Z","timestamp":1770833848726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rabbits are herbivores with a distinctive digestive strategy that differs significantly from other caecal fermenters (e.g., horses, guinea pigs) and ruminants. In view of this, the current study aimed to highlight distinctive histological and morphometric features of the caecal mucosa in adult rabbits that accentuate its major role in digestion. The caecal and jejunal samples were harvested from five 1-year-old domestic rabbits and processed by regular paraffin-embedding histological technique followed by Goldner\u2019s trichrome staining. A comprehensive morphological and morphometrical analysis of the jejunal mucosa vs. caecal mucosa was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Microscopically, as in the case of the jejunal mucosa, the caecal mucosa presents long and often branched finger-like villi covered by a simple columnar epithelium mostly made of enterocytes with a prominent microvillous brush border. Besides, the caecal villi include a lacteal along with the villous muscle. Statistically, except for villus length, all the parameters assessed in the caecal mucosa, including villus width, villus count, thickness of the brush border and enterocyte\/goblet cells ratio, revealed a high grade of similarities with the jejunal villi.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>According to the obtained results, the caecal mucosa in adult domestic rabbits includes unique features, namely caecal villi, structures infrequently presented in the large intestine of other adult mammals. Those structures once more emphasize the major role of the caecum not only in fermentation but also subliminally in local absorption. To our knowledge, this is the first reliable microanatomical and morphometric report of caecal villi in adult domestic rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T19:02:26Z","timestamp":1726167746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Caecal villi? A comparative histological and morphometric study of caecal and jejunal mucosa in adult rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Adrian Florin","family":"Gal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Matei-La\u021biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u0103lin","family":"La\u021biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanda","family":"Andrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasile","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"770_CR1","first-page":"25","volume":"9","author":"PR Cheeke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cheeke PR. Fibre digestion and utilization in rabbits. J Appl Rabbit Res. 1986;9:25\u201330.","journal-title":"J Appl Rabbit Res"},{"key":"770_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffrey RJ. Gastrointestinal Diseases. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents; 2004. pp. 161\u201371.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169377-6\/50018-6"},{"key":"770_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barthold SW, Grieffey SM, Percy DH. Rabbit. In: Barthold SW, Grieffey SM, Percy DH, editors. Pathology of laboratory rodents and rabbits, fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016. pp. 253\u2013257.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118924051"},{"key":"770_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90209-9","volume":"102A","author":"EI Sakaguchi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sakaguchi EI, Kaizu K, Nakamichi M. Fibre digestion and digesta retention from different physical forms of the feed in the rabbit. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1992;102A:559\u201363.","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"770_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horobin RW. Theory of histological staining. In: Suvarna KS, Layton C, Bancroft JD, editors. Bancroft\u2019s theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier health sciences; 2018. pp. 114\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-6864-5.00009-8"},{"key":"770_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12306","volume":"101","author":"L Tardieu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tardieu L, Sundaram V, Adogwa AO, Garcia GW. Anatomy and histology of the gastrointestinal tract of the neo-tropical opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Insularis, Allen 1902). Acta Zool. 2020;101:384\u201391.","journal-title":"Acta Zool"},{"key":"770_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/33.1.104","volume":"33","author":"M Voge","year":"1952","unstructured":"Voge M, Bern HA. Caecal villi in a pika (Ochotona princeps). J Mammal. 1952;33:104\u201305.","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"770_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00292.x","volume":"68","author":"JP Lall\u00e8s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lall\u00e8s JP. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: multiple biological roles in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and modulation by diet. Nutr Rev. 2010;68:323\u201332.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"770_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.61.5_355","volume":"61","author":"M Kurohmaru","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kurohmaru M, Zyo K. Developmental changes in the caecal mucosa of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens): a comparison with the rabbit. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1984;61:355\u201369.","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn"},{"key":"770_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000143991","volume":"85","author":"HF Helander","year":"1973","unstructured":"Helander HF. Morphological studies on the development of the rat colonic mucosa. Acta Anat. 1973;85:153\u201376.","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"770_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234875","volume":"208","author":"K Ono","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ono K. Changes of the caecal villi during postnatal development in rats. Cell Tissue Res. 1980;208:253\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"770_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0159","volume":"81","author":"AF Amiry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amiry AF, Kigata T, Shibata H. Wall thickness and mucous cell distribution in the rabbit large intestine. 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World Rabbit Sci. 2006;14:1\u201314.","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T19:06:43Z","timestamp":1726168003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actavetscand.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-024-00770-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animals were handled according to high ethical standards and national legislation. The study was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee (decision no. 289\/390, 03.06.2023) and by the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Department (decision no. 384\/20.08.2023).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Data have not been published previously.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Prior publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}