{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:48:31Z","timestamp":1776728911303,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"Copenhagen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Vet Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Litter size varies among dog breeds and is related to body size. Generally, the relationship is described as small breeds having smaller litters, and larger breeds larger litters, though the trend does not extend to very large breeds. Allometric relationships are often log-log relationships. This study aims to investigate the relationship between body weight, body conformation, and litter size, with the hypothesis that: (1) body size and litter size are positively related with a power relationship and (2) breed-specific genetic characteristics, which impact body conformation, influence litter size. The present analysis addressed variation in litter size among 115 breeds and the effect of two breed-typical phenotypes, chondrodysplasia and brachycephaly. Log-log regression was used to investigate the relationship between litter size and body weight. A second-order relationship between log litter size and log body weight was observed. In conclusion, body size and litter size were strongly related. Brachycephaly had a significant negative effect on average litter size whereas litter size was unaffected by chondrodysplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:21:05Z","timestamp":1773325265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allometry of litter size in dog breeds"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Klara Hanefeld","family":"Egeriis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4116-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle Friis","family":"Proschowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernt","family":"Guldbrandtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.034","volume":"75","author":"KS Borge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borge KS, T\u00f8nnessen R, N\u00f8dtvedt A, Indreb\u00f8 A. Litter size at birth in purebred dogs - A retrospective study of 224 breeds. Theriogenology. 2011;75:911\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.10.034.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"862_CR2","unstructured":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale. Open letter from the FCI President about the matter of the registration of brachycephalic breeds in the Netherlands. 2020. https:\/\/www.fci.be\/en\/Open-letter-from-the-FCI-President-about-the-matter-of-the-registration-of-brachycephalic-breeds-in-the-Netherlands-3550.html. Accessed 29. Nov 2024."},{"key":"862_CR3","unstructured":"Dansk Kennel Klub, Hundeleksikon. n.d. https:\/\/www.dkk.dk\/race. Accessed 10 May 2024."},{"key":"862_CR4","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: The R Project for Statistical Computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"862_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.92.9.221","volume":"92","author":"R Robinson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Robinson R. Relationship between litter size and weight of dam in the dog. Vet Rec. 1973;92:221\u20133.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"862_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981923","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.981923","volume":"9","author":"MV Estevam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Estevam MV, Beretta S, Smargiassi NF, Appar\u00edcio M, Toniollo GH, Pereira GT. Congenital malformations in brachycephalic dogs: A retrospective study. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:981923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.981923.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:29:40Z","timestamp":1776727780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13028-026-00862-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-0147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not require official or institutional ethical approval. The study is entirely based on data material from DKC, registered by breeders.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Few of the results have been presented in the bachelor thesis written by KHE. Data have not been published previously or used otherwise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Prior publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20"}}