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However, less is known about the behavioural performance of children\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0years surviving severe anaemia in low resource settings. We investigated social-emotional and adaptive behaviour in children\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0years diagnosed with severe anaemia in Northern Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a hospital based prospective cohort study among children 6\u201442\u00a0months who were treated for severe anaemia (n\u2009=\u2009171) at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Socio-emotional and adaptive behaviour were assessed 14\u00a0days post discharge using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. Age-adjusted z-scores for each domain were calculated using scores from healthy community children (n\u2009=\u200988) from the same environment for each age category. Multiple linear regression was used to compare z-scores in the social-emotional and adaptive behaviour scales between the two groups after adjusting for weight-for-age z-score, social economic status, mother\u2019s education, father\u2019s education and father\u2019s employment on all the scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with healthy community controls, children with severe anaemia had poorer [adjusted mean scores (standard error)], socio-emotional [\u2212\u20090.29, (0.05) vs. 0.01, (0.08), P\u2009=\u20090.002]; but not overall\/ composite adaptive behaviour [\u2212\u20090.10, (0.05) vs. \u2212\u20090.01, (0.07), P\u2009=\u20090.343]. Within the adaptive behaviour subscales, children with SA displayed significantly poorer scores on the community use [adjusted mean score (standard error)], [\u2212\u20090.63, (0.10) vs. \u2212\u20090.01, (0.13), P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]; and leisure [\u2212\u20090.35, (0.07) vs. \u2212\u20090.02, (0.07), P\u2009=\u20090.036] skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that severe anaemia in children\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0years is associated with poor social-emotional scores in the short-term post clinical recovery in Northern Uganda. We recommend long-term follow-up to determine the course of these problems and appropriate interventions to reduce the behavioural burden among children\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0years surviving severe anaemia in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-020-00352-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T12:03:05Z","timestamp":1606392185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Socio-emotional and adaptive behaviour in children treated for severe anaemia at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Sentoogo","family":"Ssemata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Opika","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Mbaziira","family":"Ssenkusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noeline","family":"Nakasujja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandy C.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bangirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325","volume":"123","author":"NJ Kassebaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kassebaum NJ, Jasrasaria R, Naghavi M, Wulf SK, Johns N, Lozano R, et al. 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Participation in the study was voluntary and the caregivers of the study participants who took part in the study provided written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}