{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:24:00Z","timestamp":1790015040611,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Youths with eating disorders (EDs) engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at higher suicide risk because EDs and NSSI are associated with suicidality. However, epidemiologic data on NSSI lacks in the vulnerable group of youth ED inpatients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective chart review included patients up to 18\u00a0years of age with an ICD-10 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R), anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type (AN-BP), and bulimia nervosa (BN), treated at the child and adolescent inpatient department of the University Hospital in Berlin, Germany, between 1990 and 2015. Across and within ED subgroups, lifetime NSSI prevalence, methods of self-harm, and clinical correlates were evaluated. Independent correlations of demographic and clinical factors with NSSI were identified via multivariable regression models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 382 inpatients (median\u2009=\u200915.6 (range\u2009=\u20099\u201318) years, females\u2009=\u200997.1%), 21.5% reported lifetime NSSI, consisting of cutting\u2009=\u200986.6%, scratching\u2009=\u200912.2%, and hitting\u2009=\u20098.5%. NSSI was more frequent in BN (47.6%) and AN-BP (39.3%) than AN-R (8.3%) (\u03a6\u2009=\u20090.43). Across ED subgroups, NSSI was associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (AN-R: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.55; AN-BP: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.69; BN: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.78), suicidal ideation (AN-R: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.30; AN-BP: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.38; BN: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.29), and psychiatric medication use (AN-R: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.23; AN-BP: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.64; BN: \u03a6\u2009=\u20090.60). In multivariable regression analyses, NSSI was independently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (AN-R: OR\u2009=\u20092.93 [1.42, 6.04]; AN-BP: OR\u2009=\u20092.67 [1.13, 6.31]; BN: OR\u2009=\u20093.75 [1.71, 8.23]). Additionally, independent correlates with NSSI in AN-R included a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (OR\u2009=\u20090.21 [0.72, 0.64]) and less weekly weight gain (OR\u2009=\u20090.03 [0.02, 0.43]), while in BN, NSSI was correlated with longer inpatient treatment duration (OR\u2009=\u20091.01 [1.00, 1.02]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a high lifetime prevalence of NSSI among youth with AN and BN requiring inpatient treatment, especially those with binge-purge behaviors. Treatment programs must be tailored to address psychiatric comorbidities and suicidality to improve patient care and suicide prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration:<\/jats:italic> This study was not considered a clinical trial but a retrospective chart review based on routinely assessed clinical parameters. The study includes data from human participants, however: (1) no intervention and no prospective assignment to interventions were performed, and (2) no evaluation of an intervention on participants was accomplished.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1646064196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lifetime prevalence and clinical correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth inpatients with eating disorders: a retrospective chart review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3368-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Jaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071425","volume":"15","author":"S Bachmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bachmann S. Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7):1425.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20412","volume":"63","author":"ED Klonsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klonsky ED, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-injury: a research review for the practitioner. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(11):1045\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-014-0019-x","volume":"2","author":"K Kostro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kostro K, Lerman JB, Attia E. The current status of suicide and self-injury in eating disorders: a narrative review. J Eat Disord. 2014;2(1):19\u201319.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American psychiatric association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"key":"446_CR5","unstructured":"International Society for the Study of Self Injury. What is nonsuicidal self-injury? 2021. https:\/\/itriples.org\/what-is-self-injury\/. Accessed 8 Aug 2021."},{"key":"446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11875-000","volume-title":"Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: origins, assessment, and treatment","author":"MK Nock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nock MK. Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: origins, assessment, and treatment. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association; 2009."},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.05.003","volume":"32","author":"CA Hamza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamza CA, Stewart SL, Willoughby T. Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature and an integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;32(6):482\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001804","volume":"46","author":"JD Ribeiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ribeiro JD, Franklin JC, Fox KR, Bentley KH, Kleiman EM, Chang BP, et al. Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as risk factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med. 2016;46(2):225\u201336.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.09.010","volume":"52","author":"J Whitlock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whitlock J, Muehlenkamp J, Eckenrode J, Purington A, Baral Abrams G, Barreira P, et al. Nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway to suicide in young adults. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52(4):486\u201392.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.033","volume":"239","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Hasking P, Boyes M, Claes L, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, et al. The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Affect Disord. 2018;239:171\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22754","volume":"35","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Hasking P, Claes L, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Boyes M, et al. The DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder among incoming college students: Prevalence and associations with 12-month mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(7):629\u201337.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.09.001","volume":"51","author":"L Claes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Claes L, Klonsky ED, Muehlenkamp J, Kuppens P, Vandereycken W. The affect-regulation function of nonsuicidal self-injury in eating-disordered patients: which affect states are regulated? Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51(4):386\u201392.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0214-2","volume":"6","author":"L Smithuis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smithuis L, Kool-Goudzwaard N, de Man-van Ginkel JM, van Os-Medendorp H, Berends T, Dingemans A, et al. Self-injurious behaviour in patients with anorexia nervosa: a quantitative study. J Eat Disord. 2018;6(1):26\u201326.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114208","volume":"305","author":"M Zetterqvist","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zetterqvist M, Jonsson LS, Landberg \u00c5, Svedin CG. A potential increase in adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury during covid-19: a comparison of data from three different time points during 2011\u20132021. Psychiatry Res. 2021;305: 114208.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"446_CR15","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th ed. Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.","edition":"10"},{"issue":"7","key":"446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","volume":"68","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, Nielsen S. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(7):724.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.04.001","volume":"26","author":"DL Franko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franko DL, Keel PK. Suicidality in eating disorders: occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(6):769\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01191-y","volume":"22","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Claes L. Non-suicidal self-injury and eating disordered behaviors: an update on what we do and do not know. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(12):68\u201368.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01946","volume":"8","author":"A Cipriano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cipriano A, Cella S, Cotrufo P. Nonsuicidal self-injury: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1946\u20131946.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000027","volume":"46","author":"A Cucchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cucchi A, Ryan D, Konstantakopoulos G, Stroumpa S, Ka\u00e7ar A\u015e, Renshaw S, et al. Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2016;46(7):1345\u201358.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.23","volume":"7","author":"A John","year":"2021","unstructured":"John A, Marchant A, Demmler J, Tan J, DelPozo-Banos M. Clinical management and mortality risk in those with eating disorders and self-harm: e-cohort study using the SAIL databank. BJPsych Open. 2021;7(2):e67\u2013e67.","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.048","volume":"238","author":"U Volpe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volpe U, Tortorella A, Manchia M, Monteleone AM, Albert U, Monteleone P. Eating disorders: what age at onset? Psychiatry Res. 2016;238:225\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152273","volume":"111","author":"M Gander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gander M, Fuchs M, Franz N, Jahnke-Majorkovits A-C, Buchheim A, Bock A, et al. Non-suicidal self-injury and attachment trauma in adolescent inpatients with psychiatric disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2021;111:152273\u2013152273.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjghv2f","volume-title":"Why people die by suicide","author":"T Joiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joiner T. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 2007."},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412454873","volume":"21","author":"T Joiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joiner T, Guelfi J, Silva C. Nonsuicidal self-Injury, suicidal behavior, and their co-occurrence as viewed through the lens of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Curr Dir Psychol Sci J Am Psychol Soc. 2012;21(5):342\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci J Am Psychol Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c17","DOI":"10.1159\/000286345","volume":"115","author":"M Noordzij","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noordzij M, Dekker FW, Zoccali C, Jager KJ. Measures of disease frequency: prevalence and incidence. Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;115(1):c17-20.","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130675","volume":"40","author":"MM Ward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ward MM. Estimating disease prevalence and incidence using administrative data: some assembly required. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(8):1241\u20133.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2341","volume":"23","author":"L Claes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claes L, Luyckx K, Bijttebier P, Turner B, Ghandi A, Smets J, et al. Non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorder: associations with identity formation above and beyond anxiety and depression: non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2015;23(2):119\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2836","volume":"29","author":"L Claes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claes L, Buelens T, Depestele L, Dierckx E, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms in female patients with an eating disorder with or without impulsive non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29(4):663\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(95)00062-3","volume":"21","author":"MW Wiederman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wiederman MW, Pryor T. Substance use and impulsive behaviors among adolescents with eating disorders. Addict Behav. 1996;21(2):269\u201372.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0473-8","volume":"14","author":"J Ruuska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ruuska J, Kaltiala-Heino R, Rantanen P, Koivisto A-M. Psychopathological distress predicts suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescent eating disorder outpatients. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;14(5):276\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"446_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.06.017","volume":"48","author":"R Peebles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peebles R, Wilson JL, Lock JD. Self-Injury in adolescents with eating disorders: correlates and provider bias. J Adolesc Health. 2011;48(3):310\u20133.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2020.101389","volume":"37","author":"JWP Dzombak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dzombak JWP, Haynos AF, Rienecke RD, Van Huysse JL. Brief report: differences in nonsuicidal self-injury according to binge eating and purging status in an adolescent sample seeking eating disorder treatment. Eat Behav Int J. 2020;37: 101389.","journal-title":"Eat Behav Int J."},{"key":"446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2537","author":"J Faura-Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faura-Garcia J, Orue I, Calvete E. Clinical assessment of non-suicidal self-injury: a systematic review of instruments. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2537.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S198806","volume":"16","author":"JM Hooley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hooley JM, Fox KR, Boccagno C. Nonsuicidal self-injury: diagnostic challenges and current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:101\u201312.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.17744\/mehc.40.2.05","volume":"40","author":"JJ Morales","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morales JJ, Buser TJ, Farag MS. Comparison of brief measures of the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in a nonclinical sample of young adults. J Ment Health Couns. 2018;40(2):156\u201371.","journal-title":"J Ment Health Couns"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2460","volume":"24","author":"E Pauwels","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pauwels E, Dierckx E, Schoevaerts K, Claes L. Early maladaptive schemas in eating disordered patients with or without non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2016;24(5):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00741-5","volume":"25","author":"L Hovrud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hovrud L, Simons R, Simons J, Korkow J. Non-suicidal self-injury and bulimia: the role of emotion dysregulation and body dissatisfaction. Eat Weight Disord. 2020;25(4):1089\u201397.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.4.409","volume":"37","author":"E Svirko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Svirko E, Hawton K. Self-injurious behavior and eating disorders: the extent and nature of the association. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007;37(4):409\u201321.","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.023","volume":"188","author":"JJ Muehlenkamp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L, Smits D, Peat CM, Vandereycken W. Non-suicidal self-injury in eating disordered patients: a test of a conceptual model. Psychiatry Res. 2010;188(1):102\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"446_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.408","volume":"159","author":"T Paul","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paul T, Schroeter K, Dahme B, Nutzinger DO. Self-injurious behavior in women with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(3):408\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041207","volume":"9","author":"T Buelens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buelens T, Luyckx K, Verschueren M, Schoevaerts K, Dierckx E, Depestele L, et al. Temperament and character traits of female eating disorder patients with(out) non-suicidal self-injury. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1207.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"446_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002","volume":"59","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Hasking P, Claes L, Boyes M, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, et al. Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;59:44\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/10640260701454329","volume":"15","author":"L Claes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Claes L, Vandereycken W. Is there a link between traumatic experiences and self-injurious behaviors in eating-disordered patients? Eat Disord. 2007;15(4):305\u201315.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.510","volume":"11","author":"L Claes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Claes L, Vandereycken W, Vertommen H. Eating-disordered patients with and without self-injurious behaviours: a comparison of psychopathological features. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2003;11(5):379\u201396.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2004.18.4.399","volume":"18","author":"L Claes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Claes L, Vandereycken W, Vertommen H. Personality traits in eating-disordered patients with and without self-injurious behaviors. J Personal Disord. 2004;18(4):399.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2220","volume":"21","author":"K Vansteelandt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vansteelandt K, Claes L, Muehlenkamp J, De Cuyper K, Lemmens J, Probst M, et al. Variability in affective activation predicts non-suicidal self-injury in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2013;21(2):143\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.09.002","volume":"46","author":"BJ Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner BJ, Yiu A, Layden BK, Claes L, Zaitsoff S, Chapman AL. Temporal associations between disordered eating and nonsuicidal self-injury: examining symptom overlap over 1 year. Behav Ther. 2015;46(1):125\u201338.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"446_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081932","volume":"11","author":"B Herpertz-Dahlmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Dahmen B. Children in need-diagnostics, epidemiology, treatment and outcome of early onset anorexia nervosa. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1932.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"446_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000726","volume":"205","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Hasking P, Bruffaerts R, Claes L, Baetens I, Boyes M, et al. What predicts ongoing nonsuicidal self-injury?: a comparison between persistent and ceased self-injury in emerging adults. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017;205(10):762\u201370.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12237","volume":"46","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kiekens G, Claes L, Demyttenaere K, Auerbach RP, Green JG, Kessler RC, et al. Lifetime and 12-month nonsuicidal self-injury and academic performance in college freshmen. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2016;46(5):563\u201376.","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"446_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12339","volume":"56","author":"E van der Molen","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Molen E, Blokland AAJ, Hipwell AE, Vermeiren RRJM, Doreleijers TAH, Loeber R. Girls\u2019 childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(7):766\u201373.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-016-0134-3","volume":"10","author":"PL Plener","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plener PL, Brunner R, Fegert JM, Groschwitz RC, In-Albon T, Kaess M, et al. Treating nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents: consensus based German guidelines. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2016;10(1):46.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"issue":"01\/02","key":"446_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1628475","volume":"32","author":"PL Plener","year":"2013","unstructured":"Plener PL, Libal G, Fegert JM, K\u00f6lch MG. Psychopharmakologische Behandlung von nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten. Nervenheilkunde. 2013;32(01\/02):38\u201341.","journal-title":"Nervenheilkunde"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1060-x","volume":"16","author":"PL Plener","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plener PL, Allroggen M, Kapusta ND, Br\u00e4hler E, Fegert JM, Groschwitz RC. The prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a representative sample of the German population. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):353\u2013353.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"446_CR56","unstructured":"IT Governance Privacy Team. EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)\u2014an implementation and compliance guide, fourth edition. IT Governance Publishing; 2020. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctv17f12pc. Accessed 8 Aug 2021."},{"issue":"8","key":"446_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s001120170107","volume":"149","author":"K Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D, Geller F, Gei\u00df HC, Hesse V, et al. Perzentile f\u00fcr den Body-mass-Index fuer das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 2001;149(8):807\u201318.","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"446_CR58","unstructured":"Pedz. Kinderarzt Rechner. 2021. https:\/\/www.pedz.de\/de\/bmi.html. Accessed 8 Dec 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"446_CR59","first-page":"778","volume":"18","author":"AR Favazza","year":"1988","unstructured":"Favazza AR. Bodies under siege. Self-mutilation in culture and psychiatry. Psychol Med. 1988;18(3):778\u2013778.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"446_CR60","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. suicidal ideation. APA dictionary of psychology. 2021. https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/suicidal-ideation. Accessed 8 Dec 2021."},{"key":"446_CR61","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. Suicidality. APA dictionary of psychology. 2021. https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/suicidality. Accessed 8 Dec 2021."},{"key":"446_CR62","unstructured":"IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. Armonk NY IBM Corp. 2020."},{"key":"446_CR63","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Florence: Taylor & Francis Group; 1988."},{"key":"446_CR64","unstructured":"Smigierski J. Nagelkerke R Quadrat. Datenanalyse mit R, STATA & SPSS. 2021. http:\/\/www.beratung-statistik.de\/statistik-beratung-infos\/spss-tips\/logistische-regression-spss\/. Accessed 16 Dec 2020."},{"key":"446_CR65","unstructured":"Arnold S, M\u00fcller AE, Correll CU, Jaite C. Nonsuicidal self-injury in eating disorders not otherwise specified, atypical anorexia and bulimia nervosa. In preparation."}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T15:09:24Z","timestamp":1653664164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/capmh.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00446-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-2000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-2000","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Following the original publication of this article, the funding declaration of the article has been corrected with the addition of the following note: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany, local Ethics Committee approved the retrospective chart review of routinely assessed clinical parameters (approval no. EA2\/112\/19). All patient data routinely collected and stored in the context of hospital treatment were anonymized for research purposes prior to evaluation. The data has been treated following the Data Protection Act 2017 and the General Data Protection Regulation []. For the retrospective chart review, patients' formal consent was not required from the local Ethics Committee of the Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"For a retrospective chart review based on routinely assessed clinical parameters, patients' consent for publication was not required from the local Ethics Committee of the Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors SA, AW, SZ, and CJ declare that they have no competing interests. CC has been a consultant and\/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Axsome, Gedeon Richter, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen\/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Medscape, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Rovi, Servier, Sumitomo Dainippon, Sunovion, Supernus, Takeda, and Teva. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Lundbeck, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He is also a stock option holder of LB Pharma.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}