{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:39:25Z","timestamp":1772026765995,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"AI Hospital Project, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan","award":["2304080405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2304080405"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Procedures and actions such as injections and immobilization cause distress to children. In the pediatric field, there is a need for interventions and support to alleviate the pain and distress caused by such medical procedures. In recent years, the introduction of robots as a means of distraction has begun to be attempted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, we conducted a non-randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of intervention using \u2018aibo\u2019, a dog-like robot which has artificial intelligence (AI), to promote distraction in children after vaccination. Children between the ages of 3 and 12\u00a0years old eligible for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and their caregivers were assigned to intervention group or control group. Then, children evaluated their pain and children\u2019s behavior were observed by observer. The mean values of Faces pain rating scale scores and observer pain scale scores were compared between groups using an unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-seven children (32 in the intervention group) participated in the study. Results of a <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test with the control group showed that the intervention group using aibo had significantly less pain following the post-vaccination intervention than the control group using stuffed dog (Face Scale, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>(55)\u2009=\u20092.582, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0125; Behavioral Observation Scale, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>(55)\u2009=\u20092.772, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.00759). The results support the hypothesis that the aibo intervention group will be less distressed and able to calm down more quickly after vaccination than the control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Interactive communicative play intervention by an artificially intelligent aibo before and after painful and frightening medical procedures may alleviate fear and anxiety and prevent medical trauma in children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00519-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T18:32:04Z","timestamp":1669314724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of artificial intelligence aibo intervention on alleviating distress and fear in children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maoko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"519_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv074","volume":"41","author":"J Price","year":"2016","unstructured":"Price J, Kassam-Adams N, Alderfer MA, Christofferson J, Kazak AE. Systematic review: a reevaluation and update of the integrative (trajectory) model of pediatric medical traumatic stress. J Pediatr Psychol. 2016;41(1):86\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv074.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"519_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313504794","volume":"20","author":"TN Beran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beran TN, Ramirez-Serrano A, Vanderkooi OG, Kuhn S. Humanoid robotics in health care: An exploration of children\u2019s and parents\u2019 emotional reactions. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(7):984\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105313504794.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"519_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023366","volume":"8","author":"S Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali S, Sivakumar M, Beran T, Scott SD, Vandermeer B, Curtis S, Jou H, Hartling L. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of humanoid robot-based distraction for venipuncture pain in children. BMJ Open. 2018;8(12): e023366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023366.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"519_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2020.1800084","volume":"78","author":"Y Kasimoglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasimoglu Y, Kocaaydin S, Karsli E, Esen M, Bektas I, Ince G, Tuna EB. Robotic approach to the reduction of dental anxiety in children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2020;78(6):474\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016357.2020.1800084.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"519_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04285-8","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Makino H, Nakamura K, Nakamura A, Hayakawa M, Uchida H, Kasahara M, Kato H, Igarashi T. 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Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00830-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00830-z","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was given by the Ethics Committee in NCCHD. Written consent was obtained from the caregivers of the participants. If the child was available, we explained this survey and confirmed their willingness to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"87"}}