{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:22:56Z","timestamp":1793136176162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a parent-rated parenting assessment scale including positive and negative dimensions of parenting. Factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, latent mean differences and construct validity of the Assessment Scale of Positive and Negative Parenting Behavior (FPNE) were tested in a pooled sample of five studies of 1,879 school-aged children (6.00 to 12.11 years).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a first randomized split-half sample, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were conducted in the second half of the sample. Measurement invariance tests were conducted to assess factor structure equivalence across gender and age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The EFA results supported a two-factor structure and the CFA results revealed a model with two correlated factors (Positive Parenting, Negative Parenting), which included 23 items and showed acceptable model fit and good psychometric properties. ESEM did not yield a model with significantly better model fit. Internal consistencies were acceptable. Adequate concurrent validity was demonstrated by low to moderate correlations between the FPNE and similar constructs. The factor structure was invariant (configural, metric, scalar) across different age groups and gender. Tests of latent mean differences revealed that older children scored significantly higher on negative parenting than younger children, while boys showed lower levels of positive parenting and higher levels of negative parenting compared to girls. All effect sizes were small.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results suggest that the FPNE is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of parenting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T11:15:16Z","timestamp":1734347716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychometric properties of the parent-rated assessment scale of positive and negative parenting behavior (FPNE) in a German sample of school-aged children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Holas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Th\u00f6ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Gebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hautmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"G\u00f6rtz-Dorten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea Teresa","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Katrin","family":"Treier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ravens-Sieberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"R\u00f6\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"K\u00f6lch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Holtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Wenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Huss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Poustka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"D\u00f6pfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the ADOPT, the ESCAlife consortia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal-Maurice","family":"Aggensteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Bernheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Bienioschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Boecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Butz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Daunke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Fegert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Giller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Goldbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hellmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Igel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Jungh\u00e4nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ritschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"Roessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Schroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sch\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Uhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Christmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"D\u00fcrrw\u00e4chter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Flick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monja","family":"Groh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Haberhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hebebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Hiery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Igel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Jansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kasperzack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Ketter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Kieninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inken","family":"Kirschbaum-Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Krugmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Legenbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Millenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Mingebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Mross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Pascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Poustka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Romanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priska","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Sch\u00f6llhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Schrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schulze-Husmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Steinacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Therese","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Katrin","family":"Th\u00f6ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Uebel-von","family":"Vandersleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Wermter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"850_CR1","volume-title":"Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities","author":"National Research Council and Institute of Medicine","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2009."},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-021-00355-3","volume":"24","author":"Y Everett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Everett Y, Martin CG, Zalewski M. A systematic review focusing on psychotherapeutic interventions that impact parental psychopathology, child psychopathology and parenting behavior. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2021;24(3):579\u201398.","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"850_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0741-5","volume":"26","author":"J Parent","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parent J, Forehand R. The multidimensional assessment of parenting scale (MAPS): development and psychometric properties. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(8):2136\u201351.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"850_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2307\/1130311","volume":"59","author":"SA Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller SA. Parents\u2019 beliefs about children\u2019s cognitive development. Child Dev. 1988;59(2):259\u201385.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"850_CR5","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology","author":"EE Maccoby","year":"1983","unstructured":"Maccoby EE, Martin JA. Socialization in the context of the family: parent-child interaction. In: Mussen PH, Hetherington EM, editors. Handbook of child psychology. Wiley; 1983. p. 1\u2013101."},{"key":"850_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025413513701","volume":"38","author":"B Akcinar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akcinar B, Baydar N. Parental control is not unconditionally detrimental for externalizing behaviors in early childhood. Int J Behav Dev. 2014;38:118\u201327.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"850_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.002","volume":"27","author":"BD McLeod","year":"2007","unstructured":"McLeod BD, Wood JJ, Weisz JR. Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27:155\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"850_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/10422-002","volume-title":"Intrusive parenting: how psychological control affects children and adolescents","author":"BK Barber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barber BK, Harmon EL. Violating the self: parental psychological control of children and adolescents. In: Intrusive parenting: how psychological control affects children and adolescents. American Psychological Association; 2002. p. 15\u201352."},{"issue":"7","key":"850_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2016.1247761","volume":"53","author":"M Pinquart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinquart M. Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Marriage Fam Rev. 2017;53(7):613\u201340.","journal-title":"Marriage Fam Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"850_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000295","volume":"53","author":"M Pinquart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinquart M. Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing problems of children and adolescents: an updated meta-analysis. Dev Psychol. 2017;53(5):873\u2013932.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"850_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9733-2","volume":"23","author":"KD Hurley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hurley KD, Huscroft-D\u2019Angelo J, Trout A, Griffith A, Epstein M. Assessing parenting skills and attitudes: a review of the psychometrics of parenting measures. J Child Fam Stud. 2014;23(5):812\u201323.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2503_8","volume":"25","author":"K Shelton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shelton K, Frick P, Wootton J. Assessment of parenting practices in families of elementary school-age children. J Clin Child Psychol. 1996;25(3):317\u201329.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"850_CR13","volume-title":"Parenting alliance measure","author":"RR Abidin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abidin RR, Konold TR. Parenting alliance measure. Psychological Assessment Resources; 1999."},{"key":"850_CR14","volume-title":"Parent-child relationship inventory manual","author":"AB Gerard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gerard AB. Parent-child relationship inventory manual. Los Angeles: WPS; 1994."},{"key":"850_CR15","volume-title":"The child abuse potential inventory: manual","author":"JS Milner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Milner JS. The child abuse potential inventory: manual. 2nd ed. Psytec; 1986.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"850_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.5.2.137","volume":"5","author":"D Arnold","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arnold D, O\u2019Leary S, Wolff L, Acker M. The parenting scale: a measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychol Assess. 1993;5(2):137\u201344.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"850_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55590-9_8","volume-title":"Sozialpsychologie der Partnerschaft","author":"K Hahlweg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hahlweg K, Bodenmann G. Universelle und indizierte Pr\u00e4vention von Beziehungsst\u00f6rungen. In: Sozialpsychologie der Partnerschaft. Springer; 2003. p. 191\u2013217."},{"key":"850_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00016","volume":"27","author":"JM Strayhorn","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strayhorn JM, Weidmann CS. A parent practices scale and its relation to parent and child mental health. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988;27:613\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000006","volume":"39","author":"I Eichelberger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eichelberger I, Pl\u00fcck J, Hanisch C, Hautmann C, J\u00e4nen N, D\u00f6pfner M. Effekte universeller Pr\u00e4vention mit dem Gruppenformat des Elterntrainings Triple P auf das kindliche Problemverhalten, das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten und die psychische Belastung der Eltern. Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychother. 2010;39(1):24\u201332.","journal-title":"Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychother"},{"issue":"2","key":"850_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443.35.2.82","volume":"35","author":"N Heinrichs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heinrichs N, Hahlweg K, Bertram H, Kuschel A, Naumann S, Harstick S. Die langfristige Wirksamkeit eines Elterntrainings zur universellen Pr\u00e4vention kindlicher Verhaltensst\u00f6rungen. Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychothe. 2006;35(2):82\u201396.","journal-title":"Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychothe"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924\/a000107","volume":"60","author":"S Kliem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kliem S, Kessemeier Y, Heinrichs N, D\u00f6pfner M, Hahlweg K. Der Fragebogen zur Selbstwirksamkeit in der Erziehung (FSW). Diagnostica. 2014;60(1):35\u201345.","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"850_CR22","volume-title":"Management of children\u2019s behavior scale","author":"AE Kazdin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kazdin AE, Rogers A. Management of children\u2019s behavior scale. Pittsburg: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic. University of Pittsburg School of Medicine; 1985."},{"issue":"4","key":"850_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JCFS.0000044723.45902.70","volume":"13","author":"F Perepletchikova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perepletchikova F, Kazdin AE. Assessment of parenting practices related to conduct problems: development and validation of the management of children\u2019s behavior scale. J Child Fam Stud. 2004;13(4):385\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"850_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00133-2","volume":"22","author":"LM Locke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Locke LM, Prinz RJ. Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002;22(6):895\u2013929.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"850_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00049539808257539","volume":"50","author":"A Russell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Russell A, Aloa V, Feder T, Glover A, Miller H, Palmer G. Sex-based differences in parenting styles in a sample with preschool children. Aust J Psychol. 1998;50(2):89\u201399.","journal-title":"Aust J Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2239-8","volume":"19","author":"M D\u00f6pfner","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, Katzmann J, Hanisch C, Fegert JM, K\u00f6lch M, Ritschel A, et al. Affective dysregulation in childhood\u2014optimizing prevention and treatment: protocol of three randomized controlled trials in the ADOPT study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):264.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"850_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.02.002","volume":"49","author":"C Hautmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hautmann C, Dose C, Duda-Kirchhof K, Greimel L, Hellmich M, Imort S, Katzmann J, Pinior J, Scholz K, Sch\u00fcrmann S, Wolff Metternich-Kaizman T, D\u00f6pfner M. Behavioral versus nonbehavioral guided self-help for parents of children with externalizing disorders in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Ther. 2018;49(6):951\u201365.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"850_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12661","volume":"58","author":"C Dose","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dose C, Hautmann C, B\u00fcrger M, Sch\u00fcrmann S, Woitecki K, D\u00f6pfner M. Telephone-assisted self-help for parents of children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder who have residual functional impairment despite methylphenidate treatment: a randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(6):682\u201390.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1433-9","volume":"17","author":"M D\u00f6pfner","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, Hautmann C, Dose C, Banaschewski T, Becker K, Brandeis D, et al. ESCAschool study: trial protocol of an adaptive treatment approach for school-age children with ADHD including two randomised trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"850_CR30","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, Pl\u00fcck J. Evaluation eines web-assistierten Selbsthilfe-Trainings f\u00fcr Eltern von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- \/ Hyperaktivit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung (WASH). In Amelung VE, Eble S, Hildebrandt H, Knieps F, L\u00e4gel R, Ozegowski S, Schlenker RU, Sjuts R (Eds.), Innovationsfonds. Impulse f\u00fcr das deutsche Gesundheitssystem (pp. 362\u2013367). MWV Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft; 2017."},{"key":"850_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12177","volume":"55","author":"C Hanisch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hanisch C, Hautmann C, Pl\u00fcck J, Eichelberger I, D\u00f6pfner M. The prevention program for externalizing problem behavior (PEP) improves child behavior by reducing negative parenting: analysis of mediating processes in a randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014;55:473\u201384.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"850_CR32","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A. Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen nach ICD-10 und DSM-5 f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche (DISYPS-III) [Diagnostic system for mental disorders in childhood and adolescence\u2013 III]. Huber; 2017."},{"key":"850_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.13109\/prkk.2007.56.8.676","volume":"56","author":"S Naumann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naumann S, Kuschel A, Bertram H, Heinrichs N, Hahlweg K. F\u00f6rderung der Elternkompetenz durch Triple P-Elterntrainings. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2007;56:676\u201390.","journal-title":"Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr"},{"key":"850_CR34","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A, Lehmkuhl G. Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr Psychische St\u00f6rungen nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche\u2013 II [Diagnostic system for mental disorders in childhood and adolescence\u2013 II]. Huber; 2008."},{"key":"850_CR35","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, Pl\u00fcck J, Kinnen C, Arbeitsgruppe Deutsche Child Behavior Checklist. Elternfragebogen \u00fcber das Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen (CBCL\/ 6\u201318R). Deutschsprachige Fassung der Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6\u201318 von Thomas M. Achenbach. G\u00f6ttingen: Hogrefe; 2014."},{"key":"850_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation of Australia; 1995.","DOI":"10.1037\/t01004-000"},{"key":"850_CR37","unstructured":"Nilges P, Essau C. DASS. Depressions-Angst-Stress-Skalen\u2013 deutschsprachige Kurzfassung [Verfahrensdokumentation und Fragebogen mit Auswertung]. In Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie (ZPID) (Eds.), Open Test Archive. ZPID; 2021."},{"key":"850_CR38","volume-title":"The KIDSCREEN questionnaires - quality of life questionnaires for children and adolescents","author":"The KIDSCREEN Group Europe","year":"2006","unstructured":"The KIDSCREEN Group Europe. The KIDSCREEN questionnaires - quality of life questionnaires for children and adolescents. Handbook: Pabst Science Publishers; 2006."},{"key":"850_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-008-9190-y","volume":"44","author":"FP Holgado-Tello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holgado-Tello FP, Chac\u00f3n-Moscoso S, Barbero-Garc\u00eda I, Vila-Abad E. Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Qual Quant. 2010;44:153\u201366.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"850_CR40","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"BG Tabachnick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. MA: Allyn & Bacon; 2007."},{"key":"850_CR41","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus user\u2019s guide (6th ed.). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 2011."},{"key":"850_CR42","unstructured":"Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford; 2006."},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR43","first-page":"53","volume":"6","author":"D Hooper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen MR. Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Bus Res Methods. 2008;6(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Electron J Bus Res Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6(1):1\u201355.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"issue":"4","key":"850_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282911406661","volume":"29","author":"DA Sass","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sass DA. Testing measurement invariance and comparing latent factor means within a confirmatory factor analysis framework. J Psychoeduc Assess. 2011;29(4):347\u201363.","journal-title":"J Psychoeduc Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","volume":"14","author":"FF Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14(3):464\u2013504.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"850_CR47","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.","edition":"2"},{"key":"850_CR48","unstructured":"Imort S, Hautmann C, Greimel L, Katzmann J, Pinior J, Scholz K, et al. Fragebogen zum positiven und negativen Erziehungsverhalten (FPNE): Eine psychometrische Zwischenanalyse [Questionnaire about positive and negative parenting behaviour (FPNE): A psychometric interim analysis]. Poster presented at the 32. Symposium der Fachgruppe Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie der DGPs, Bielefeld, Germany; 2014."},{"key":"850_CR49","unstructured":"DfES. The Special Educational Needs (SEN) Code of Practice. DfES; 2001."},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200807","volume":"32","author":"BP O\u2019Connor","year":"2000","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor BP. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer\u2019s MAP test. Beh Res Meth Instr Comp. 2000;32(3):396\u2013402.","journal-title":"Beh Res Meth Instr Comp"},{"key":"850_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.961800","volume":"23","author":"AJS Morin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morin AJS, Arens AK, Marsh HW. A bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling framework for the identification of distinct sources of construct relevant psychometric multidimensionality. Struct Equ Modeling. 2016;23:116\u201339.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"850_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511490057","volume-title":"Sex differences in antisocial behavior","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter R, Silva PA. Sex differences in antisocial behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001."},{"key":"850_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01956-z","volume":"56","author":"ZM Clayborne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clayborne ZM, Kingsbury M, Sampasa-Kinyaga H, Sikora L, Lalande KM, Colman I. Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021;56:619\u201338.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419001214","volume":"32","author":"WA Rothenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Yotanyamaneewong S. Examining effects of mother and father warmth and control on child externalizing and internalizing problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries. Dev Psychopathol. 2020;32(3):1113\u201337.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"850_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.050","volume":"175","author":"MB Yap","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yap MB, Jorm AF. Parental factors associated with childhood anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:424\u201340.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"850_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00210","volume":"71","author":"H Stattin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stattin H, Kerr M. Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Child Dev. 2000;71(4):1072\u201385.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"850_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2012.315","volume":"25","author":"S Escribano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Escribano S, Aniorte J, Orgil\u00e9s M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) for children. Psicothema. 2013;25(3):324\u20139.","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"1","key":"850_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/cp.12059","volume":"19","author":"LA Newland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newland LA. Family well-being, parenting, and child well-being: pathways to healthy adjustment. Clin Psychol. 2015;19(1):3\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"850_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.453","volume":"58","author":"JG Johnson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnson JG, Cohen P, Kasen S, Smailes E, Brook JS. Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(5):453\u201360.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"850_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007004006","volume":"7","author":"TS Berg-Nielsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berg-Nielsen TS, Vikan A, Dahl AA. Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: a descriptive review of the literature. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002;7(4):529\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"850_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sode.12763","volume":"33","author":"J Martini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martini J, Wade M, Prime H, Jenkins J. Dimensions of parenting during infancy: testing a latent bifactor model. Social Dev. 2024;33: e12763.","journal-title":"Social Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"850_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.900717","volume":"43","author":"MF Lorber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lorber MF, Xu S, Slep AMS, Bulling L, O\u2019Leary SG. A new look at the psychometrics of the parenting scale through the lens of item response theory. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2014;43(4):613\u201326.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"850_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.6.1292","volume":"91","author":"S Stark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stark S, Chernyshenko OS, Drasgow F. Detecting differential item functioning with confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory: toward a unified strategy. J Appl Psychol. 2006;91(6):1292\u2013306.","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T12:02:34Z","timestamp":1734350554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/capmh.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00850-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-2000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-2000","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"MD received consulting income and research support from Lilly, Medice, Shire, Takeda, eyelevel GmbH, and Vifor and research support from the German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Education and Research, German Ministry of Health, and Innovation Fund. He received income as head, supervisor, and lecturer of the School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behaviour Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne and as a consultant for Child Behaviour Therapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassen\u00e4rztliche Bundesvereinigung). He and AGD received royalties from treatment manuals, books and psychological tests published by Beltz, Elsevier, Enke, Guilford, Hogrefe, Huber, Kohlhammer, Schattauer, Springer, and Wiley. CD received royalties for self-help books for parents and teachers of children with ADHD published by Hogrefe. A-KTh receives royalties from Hogrefe for the publication of a diagnostic instrument (DISYPS-ILF). JP received royalties from treatment manuals and psychological tests published by Hogrefe. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, and Shire. He received conference support or speaker\u2019s fees from Lilly, Medice, Novartis, and Shire. He has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire and Vifor Pharma. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, and Oxford University Press. VR has received lecture honoraria from Infectopharm and Medice companies. He has carried out clinical trials in cooperation with Servier and Shire Pharmaceuticals\/ Takeda companies. CHan receives royalties from a publishing company as the author of a treatment manual. MK receives royalties from publishing companies as an author of books. He served as PI or CI in clinical trials of Lundbeck, Pascoe, and Janssen-Cilag. He received grants from the BMBF, BMFSFJ, BZgA and Bundeswehr. He served as a scientifc advisor for Janssen. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. MHo served in an advisory role for Shire and Medice and received conference attendance support or was paid for public speaking by Medice, Shire and Neuroconn. He receives research support from the German Research Foundation and the German Ministry of Education and Research. He receives royalties as editor in chief of the German Journal for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and for text books from Hogrefe. DB served as an unpaid scientific advisor for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial unrelated to the present work. KB receives or has received research grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG), German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Philipps-University Marburg, Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), German Ministry for Health, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg and Rh\u00f6n Klinikum. Additionally, she receives royalties from Thieme. JG has received a research grant from the Bavarian State Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Afairs. She receives royalties from Hogrefe for the publication of an ADHD treatment manual. MHu served as a member of the advisory boards of Eli Lilly and Co., Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Novartis, Shire, and Steiner Arzneimittel within the past 5 years; served as a consultant to Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Medice, and Steiner Arzneimittel; received honoraria from Eli Lilly and Co., Engelhardt Arzneimittel, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Novartis, and Shire; and received unrestricted grants for investigator- initiated trials from Eli Lilly and Co., Medice, Engelhardt Arzneimittel, and Steiner Arzneimittel. LP served in an advisory or consultancy role for Shire, Roche and Infectopharm; and received speaker\u2019s fees from Shire and royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, and Schattauer. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained for all participating studies. Verbal and written informed consent were obtained from all individual participants (children and caregivers) by the study centers.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"157"}}