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Adolescents were asked about bullying victimisation and perpetration in the past three months. The prevalence of mental disorders in the past 12 months was assessed using a diagnostic instrument. The prevalence of bullying involvement was calculated, along with bullying victimisation and perpetration which were further disaggregated by sex and age. Types of victimisation and perpetration were assessed among those who endorsed bullying involvement. Adjusted odds ratios quantified the association between any mental disorder and bullying victimisation and perpetration. All findings were weighted to the respective country\u2019s population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of any bullying involvement was highest in Kenya (6.3%, CI 5.3\u20137.4), followed by Indonesia (3.4%, 95% CI 2.4\u20134.8), then Vietnam (1.9%, 95% CI 1.3\u20132.7). For bullying victimisation, both Kenya (4.1%, 95% CI 3.4\u20135.0) and Indonesia (2.6%, 95% CI 1.9\u20133.6) had significantly higher prevalence than Vietnam (1.2%, 95% CI 0.9\u20131.67). Kenya had significantly higher prevalence of bullying perpetration (3.1%, 95% CI 2.5\u20133.8) compared to Indonesia (1.1%, 95% CI 0.6\u20132.1) and Vietnam (0.8%, 95% CI 0.5\u20131.2). Adolescents experiencing bullying victimisation were significantly more likely to have a mental disorder than those who had not been bullied in all three countries (Kenya: aOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.50\u20133.15; Indonesia: aOR 3.55, 95% CI 1.47\u20138.59; Vietnam: aOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.82\u201312.21). The same was seen for bullying perpetration although only in Kenya (aOR 4.38, 95% CI 2.77\u20136.93) and Indonesia (aOR 4.32, 95% CI 1.62\u201311.51).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NAMHS is the first study to report national prevalence estimates of bullying victimisation and perpetration among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Bullying was strongly associated with adolescent mental disorders and is consequently an important consideration for strategies aimed at improving adolescent mental health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-025-00922-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T22:03:42Z","timestamp":1753913022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bullying victimisation and perpetration and the association with mental disorders among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Findings from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly E.","family":"Erskine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joemer C.","family":"Maravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoshanna L.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astha","family":"Ramaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah Ellyza","family":"Wahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes Dibaba","family":"Wado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Manh","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey A.","family":"Whiteford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03172807","volume":"12","author":"D Olweus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olweus D. 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Additionally, each in-country NAMHS team sought and was granted approval from their relevant in-country ethics committee or institutional review board for their respective survey. The Kenya\u2013 National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (K-NAMHS) received approval from the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (approval no. P654\/2019). Further, the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NASCOSTI) granted the research permit for conducting K-NAMHS in Kenya (license no. NACOSTI\/P\/19\/837). The Indonesia\u2013 National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS) received approval from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) (approval no. KE\/FK\/1212\/EC\/2019), along with approval to conduct a national population-based household survey from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Indonesia (approval no. 440.04\/835\/Polpum). The Viet Nam Adolescent Mental Health Survey (V-NAMHS) received approval from the Ethical Review Board for Biomedical Research at Hanoi University of Public Health (approval no. 499\/2019\/YTCC-HD3). The UQ NAMHS team and each in-country NAMHS team worked collaboratively to ensure that the content and principles of the in-country ethical approvals were consistent with the overarching ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This article has been published as part of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Volume 19 Supplement S1, 2025: Findings from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys: Factors influencing adolescent mental health in  Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. The full contents of the supplement are available at .","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"About this supplement"}}],"article-number":"87"}}