{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:23:49Z","timestamp":1785331429726,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direction des Maisons de l\u2019Enfance et de la Famille (DiMEF), through the Conseil D\u00e9partemental des Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicidality is alarmingly prevalent among adolescents placed in residential child welfare facilities, often as a consequence of early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and disrupted attachment relationships. Although these vulnerabilities are well established, the gender-specific mechanisms underlying suicidality in institutionalized youth remain poorly understood. Clarifying how trauma exposure and attachment insecurity interact with mental health symptoms is critical to inform targeted prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional study, 98 adolescents aged 12\u201317 years (54 girls, 44 boys; M\u2009=\u200914.34, SD\u2009=\u20092.08) living in French residential care completed validated self-report instruments assessing ACEs, attachment security, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidality. Descriptive statistics, gender comparisons, and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of suicidality, with all predictors standardized prior to entry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-third of participants (33%) reported suicidal ideation or at least one suicide attempt. Emotional and physical abuse were the most frequent ACEs. Cumulative ACEs and attachment insecurity were independently associated with suicidality, and both correlated with heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms. Gender-stratified analyses showed that suicidality in girls was primarily linked to maternal alienation and emotional dysregulation, whereas in boys it was more strongly related to cumulative trauma exposure and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings highlight suicidality as a major concern in residential care and identify two complementary risk pathways: adversity-related and attachment\u2010related. Trauma-informed and attachment-based approaches\u2014supported by systematic screening and the integration of mental health professionals within child welfare systems\u2014may enhance early detection and individualized care. While contextualized in the French system, these mechanisms likely generalize across jurisdictions, underscoring the global need for gender-sensitive, relationally focused suicide prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:54:58Z","timestamp":1765817698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Attachment insecurity, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and suicidality in French residential-care adolescents: a gender-differentiated study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Bronsard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolwenn","family":"Dissaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issaga","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Lavenne-Collot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2622","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","volume":"95","author":"G Bronsard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bronsard G, Alessandrini M, Fond G, Loundou A, Auquier P, Tordjman S, et al. The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Med (Baltimore) f\u00e9vr. 2016;95(7):e2622.","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore) f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"9","key":"1010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2015.06.018","volume":"22","author":"L De Montaigne","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Montaigne L, Bernard O, Da Fonseca D, Gaudart J, Richardson A, Soffer M, et al. \u00c9tude des notifications \u00e0 La Maison d\u00e9partementale des personnes handicap\u00e9es Chez les enfants plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide sociale \u00e0 l\u2019enfance Dans les Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne [Reports to the departmental house for disabled persons concerning children in child welfare placements in Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne]. Arch Pediatr. 2015;22(9):932\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcped.2015.06.018.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"1010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.09.020","volume":"82","author":"R Evans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans R, White J, Turley R, Slater T, Morgan H, Strange H, et al. Comparison of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people in care and non-care populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017;82:122\u20139.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"1010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-82465-5_15","volume-title":"Handbook of youth suicide prevention: integrating research into practice","author":"CC Katz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katz CC, Busby DR, Wall EV. Suicidal behaviors in youth with foster care experience. Handbook of youth suicide prevention: integrating research into practice. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG; 2021. pp. 241\u201360."},{"key":"1010_CR5","unstructured":"Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York, NY, US: Basic Books; 1988. xii, 205 p. (A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR6","first-page":"11","volume":"11","author":"M Mikulincer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World Psychiatry Off J World Psychiatr Assoc WPA f\u00e9vr. 2012;11(1):11\u20135.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry Off J World Psychiatr Assoc WPA f\u00e9vr"},{"key":"1010_CR7","first-page":"666","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"K Lyons-Ruth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lyons-Ruth K, Jacobvitz D. Attachment disorganization: genetic factors, parenting contexts, and developmental transformation from infancy to adulthood. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. 2nd ed. New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press; 2008. pp. 666\u201397.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002035","volume":"11","author":"MH van Ijzendoorn","year":"1999","unstructured":"van Ijzendoorn MH, Schuengel C, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Disorganized attachment in early childhood: meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Dev Psychopathol. 1999;11(2):225\u201349.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000231","volume":"35","author":"A Venta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Venta A, Sharp C. Attachment organization in suicide prevention research: preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescents. Crisis. 2014;35(1):60\u20136.","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"1010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Falgares G, Marchetti D, De Santis S, Carrozzino D, Kopala-Sibley DC, Fulcheri M et al. Attachment styles and Suicide-Related behaviors in adolescence: the mediating role of Self-Criticism and Dependency. Front psychiatry [Internet]. 10 Mars 2017 [cit\u00e9 5 f\u00e9vr 2025];8. Disponible sur: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/psychiatry\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00036\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00036\/full"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2023.42.4.323","volume":"42","author":"S Macneil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Macneil S, Roderbourg L, Orri M, Geoffroy MC, Mcgrath JJ, Renaud J, et al. Attachment styles and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analysis. J Soc Clin Psychol ao\u00fbt. 2023;42(4):323\u201364.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"10","key":"1010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","volume":"17","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teicher MH, Samson JA, Anderson CM, Ohashi K. The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci 19 Sept. 2016;17(10):652\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci 19 Sept"},{"key":"1010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Bodegom M, Homberg JR, Henckens MJAG. Modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by early life stress exposure. Front Cell Neurosci. 2017;11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2017.00087\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00087\/full"},{"key":"1010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725000893","volume":"55","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Aitken Z, Hammond D, Thompson A, Marwaha S, Davey C, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and their differential relationships with transdiagnostic mental health outcomes in young adults. Psychol Med 22 Mai. 2025;55:e147.","journal-title":"Psychol Med 22 Mai"},{"key":"1010_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00420","volume":"9","author":"JI Herzog","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herzog JI, Schmahl C. Adverse childhood experiences and the consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and somatic conditions across the lifespan. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:420.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2023.106071","volume":"151","author":"N Vyas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vyas N, Wimberly CE, Beaman MM, Kaplan SJ, Rasmussen LJH, Wertz J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology Mai. 2023;151:106071.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology Mai"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-022-00510-0","volume":"16","author":"V Kobrinsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kobrinsky V, Siedlecki KL. Mediators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and suicidality among adults. J Child Adolesc Trauma Juin. 2023;16(2):233\u201346.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma Juin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2017.1329772","volume":"19","author":"SS Kong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong SS, Kang DR, Oh MJ, Kim NH. Attachment insecurity as a mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and adult dissociation. J Trauma Dissociation Off J Int Soc Study Dissociation ISSD. 2018;19(2):214\u201331.","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation Off J Int Soc Study Dissociation ISSD"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042827","volume":"20","author":"L Leben Novak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leben Novak L, Gomboc V, Po\u0161tuvan V, De Leo D, Rosenstein \u017d, Drobni\u010d Radobuljac M. The influence of insecure attachment to parents on adolescents\u2019 suicidality. Int J Environ Res Public Health 5 f\u00e9vr. 2023;20(4):2827.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health 5 f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30373-6","volume":"4","author":"K Hawton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawton K, Bale L, Brand F, Townsend E, Ness J, Waters K, et al. Mortality in children and adolescents following presentation to hospital after non-fatal self-harm in the multicentre study of Self-harm: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health f\u00e9vr. 2020;4(2):111\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med Mai. 1998;14(4):245\u201358.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med Mai"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02202939","volume":"16","author":"GC Armsden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Armsden GC, Greenberg MT. The inventory of parent and peer attachment: individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 1987;16(5):427\u201354.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12329","volume":"24","author":"A Venta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venta A, Harmon J, Abate A, Marshall K, Mouton-Odum S. Pilot data supporting an attachment-based theory of adolescent social media use. Child Adolesc Ment Health Sept. 2019;24(3):274\u201382.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health Sept"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR24","first-page":"995","volume":"21","author":"M Kovacs","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kovacs M. The children\u2019s Depression, inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21(4):995\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"1010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-7-2","volume":"7","author":"A Revah-Levy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Revah-Levy A, Birmaher B, Gasquet I, Falissard B. The adolescent depression rating scale (ADRS): a validation study. BMC Psychiatry 12 Janv. 2007;7:2.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry 12 Janv"},{"key":"1010_CR26","unstructured":"Spielberger CD. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults [Internet]. 2012. https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/. Accessed 5 f\u00e9vr 2025."},{"issue":"12","key":"1010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","volume":"168","author":"K Posner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, Brent DA, Yershova KV, Oquendo MA, et al. The Columbia\u2013Suicide severity rating scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. Am J Psychiatry d\u00e9c. 2011;168(12):1266\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry d\u00e9c"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2255986","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.55986","volume":"6","author":"DA Brent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brent DA, Horowitz LM, Grupp-Phelan J, Bridge JA, Gibbons R, Chernick LS, et al. Prediction of suicide attempts and suicide-related events among adolescents seen in emergency departments. JAMA Netw Open 1 f\u00e9vr. 2023;6(2):e2255986.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open 1 f\u00e9vr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409990289","volume":"22","author":"C Cyr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cyr C, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van Ijzendoorn MH. Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: a series of meta-analyses. Dev Psychopathol. 2010;22(1):87\u2013108.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1268","volume":"35","author":"BJ Leadbeater","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leadbeater BJ, Kuperminc GP, Blatt SJ, Hertzog C. A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents\u2019 internalizing and externalizing problems. Dev Psychol Sept. 1999;35(5):1268\u201382.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol Sept"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400003102","volume":"12","author":"C Zahn-Waxler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zahn-Waxler C, Klimes-Dougan B, Slattery MJ. Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: prospects, pitfalls, and progress in Understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Dev Psychopathol. 2000;12(3):443\u201366.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1010_CR32","unstructured":"Observatoire national de la protection de l\u2019enfance. Les chiffres cl\u00e9s de la protection de l\u2019enfance au 31 d\u00e9cembre 2021 [Key figures in child protection as of December 31, 2021; Statistical report]. France Enfance Prot\u00e9g\u00e9e; 2023. https:\/\/onpe.gouv.fr\/system\/files\/publication\/note_chiffres_cles_pe_2021_web.pdf"},{"key":"1010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2015.07.008","volume":"64","author":"C Sharp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharp C, Venta A, Vanwoerden S, Schramm A, Ha C, Newlin E, et al. First empirical evaluation of the link between attachment, social cognition and borderline features in adolescents. Compr Psychiatry Janv. 2016;64:4\u201311.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry Janv"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2023.2168829","volume":"24","author":"W Katzman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katzman W, Papouchis N. Effects of childhood trauma on mentalization capacities and dissociative experiences. J Trauma Dissociation Off J Int Soc Study Dissociation ISSD. 2023;24(2):284\u201395.","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation Off J Int Soc Study Dissociation ISSD"},{"key":"1010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen-Bausi O, Shahnovsky O, Haruvi-Catalan L, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Fennig S, Barzilay S. The mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between anxious attachment and suicidal behavior in children admitted to an emergency department. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev [Internet] 9 mai 2025 [cit\u00e9 10 ao\u00fbt 2025]; Disponible sur: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01844-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-025-01844-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13717","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.13717","volume":"6","author":"PM Schulte-Frankenfeld","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schulte-Frankenfeld PM, Breedvelt JJF, Brouwer ME, van der Spek N, Bosmans G, Bockting CL. Effectiveness of Attachment-Based family therapy for suicidal adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Psychol Eur d\u00e9c. 2024;6(4):e13717.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Eur d\u00e9c"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/0075417X.2017.1323945","volume":"43","author":"N Midgley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Midgley N, O\u2019Keeffe S, French L, Kennedy E. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents: an updated narrative review of the evidence base. J Child Psychother. 2017;43(3):307\u201329.","journal-title":"J Child Psychother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.018","volume":"51","author":"TI Rossouw","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossouw TI, Fonagy P. Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry d\u00e9c. 2012;51(12):1304\u2013e13133.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry d\u00e9c"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/0075417031000138433","volume":"29","author":"M Target","year":"2003","unstructured":"Target M, Fonagy P, Shmueli-Goetz Y. Attachment representations in school-age children: the development of the child attachment interview (CAI). J Child Psychother Janv. 2003;29(2):171\u201386.","journal-title":"J Child Psychother Janv"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0895-4","volume":"15","author":"AE Berens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berens AE, Jensen SKG, Nelson CA. Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications. BMC Med 20 Juill. 2017;15(1):135.","journal-title":"BMC Med 20 Juill"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12784","volume":"59","author":"KJ Koss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koss KJ, Gunnar MR. Annual research review: early adversity, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and child psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Avr. 2018;59(4):327\u201346.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Avr"},{"key":"1010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.01.005","volume":"78","author":"K Bernard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernard K, Frost A, Bennett CB, Lindhiem O. Maltreatment and diurnal cortisol regulation: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology Avr. 2017;78:57\u201367.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology Avr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1010_CR43","first-page":"1344","volume":"10","author":"PA Leroux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leroux PA, Dissaux N, Le Reste JY, Bronsard G, Lavenne-Collot N. Association between Hpa axis functioning and mental health in maltreated children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Child Basel Switz 3 ao\u00fbt. 2023;10(8):1344.","journal-title":"Child Basel Switz 3 ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12713","volume":"58","author":"EJ McCrory","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCrory EJ, Gerin MI, Viding E. Annual research review: childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry - the contribution of functional brain imaging. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Avr. 2017;58(4):338\u201357.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Avr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02242-4","volume":"33","author":"X Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng X, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang T, sun J, Zhou Y, et al. Characterizing the Temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activities in depressed adolescents with prior suicide attempts. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024;33(4):1179\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho TC, Walker JC, Teresi GI, Kulla A, Kirshenbaum JS, Gifuni AJ et al. Default mode and salience network alterations in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents with depression. Transl Psychiatry. 12 janv. 2021;11(1):38.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01103-x"},{"key":"1010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116287","volume":"206","author":"HX Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou HX, Chen X, Shen YQ, Li L, Chen NX, Zhu ZC, et al. Rumination and the default mode network: meta-analysis of brain imaging studies and implications for depression. NeuroImage 2020;206:116287.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2018.32.supp.93","volume":"32","author":"JC Ehrenthal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehrenthal JC, Levy KN, Scott LN, Granger DA. Attachment-related regulatory processes moderate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on stress reaction in borderline personality disorder. J Personal Disord Janv. 2018;32(Suppl):93\u2013114.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord Janv"},{"key":"1010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2025.101568","volume":"74","author":"J Roeske","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roeske J, Long X, Perdue MV, Long M, Geeraert B, Ghasoub M, et al. Sex differences in maturational timing of amygdala and prefrontal cortex volumes and white matter tract microstructure. Dev Cogn Neurosci 1 ao\u00fbt. 2025;74:101568.","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci 1 ao\u00fbt"},{"key":"1010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106127","volume":"139","author":"N Racine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Racine N, Greer K, Dimitropoulos G, Collin-V\u00e9zina D, Henderson JL, Madigan S. Youth engagement in child maltreatment research: Gaps, barriers, and approaches. Child Abuse Negl Mai. 2023;139:106127.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl Mai"},{"issue":"4","key":"1010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230428091433","volume":"22","author":"L Burback","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burback L, Br\u00e9mault-Phillips S, Nijdam MJ, McFarlane A, Vermetten E. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024;22(4):557\u2013635.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR52","first-page":"80","volume":"20","author":"S Schweizer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schweizer S, Gotlib IH, Blakemore SJ. The role of affective control in emotion regulation during adolescence. Emot Wash DC f\u00e9vr. 2020;20(1):80\u20136.","journal-title":"Emot Wash DC f\u00e9vr"},{"key":"1010_CR53","unstructured":"van der Kolk BA. The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY, US: Viking; 2014. xvi, 443 p. (The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma)."},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.107.3.411","volume":"107","author":"SE Taylor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taylor SE, Klein LC, Lewis BP, Gruenewald TL, Gurung RA, Updegraff JA. Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychol Rev Juill. 2000;107(3):411\u201329.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev Juill"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.02.002","volume":"61","author":"S Barzilay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barzilay S, Brunstein Klomek A, Apter A, Carli V, Wasserman C, Hadlaczky G, et al. Bullying victimization and suicide ideation and behavior among adolescents in Europe: a 10-Country study. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med ao\u00fbt. 2017;61(2):179\u201386.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01031-6","volume":"51","author":"IS Morken","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morken IS, Viddal KR, von Soest T, Wichstr\u00f8m L. Explaining the female preponderance in adolescent Depression-A Four-Wave cohort study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Juin. 2023;51(6):859\u201369.","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Juin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1010_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2023.04.002","volume":"46","author":"H Stadtler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stadtler H, Neigh GN. Sex differences in the neurobiology of stress. Psychiatr Clin North Am Sept. 2023;46(3):427\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am Sept"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48201-6","volume":"13","author":"A Tintori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tintori A, Pompili M, Ciancimino G, Corsetti G, Cerbara L. The developmental process of suicidal ideation among adolescents: social and psychological impact from a nation-wide survey. Sci Rep 28 Nov. 2023;13(1):20984.","journal-title":"Sci Rep 28 Nov"},{"key":"1010_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goltser-Dubner T, Benarroch F, Lavon M, Amer R, Canetti L, Giesser R et al. Childhood trauma cortisol and immune cell glucocorticoid transcript levels are associated with increased risk for suicidality in adolescence. Mol Psychiatry. 2025.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-02923-3"},{"key":"1010_CR60","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth risk behavior survey data summary & trends report: 2011\u20132021. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2023."},{"issue":"24","key":"1010_CR61","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"VA Canady","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canady VA. CDC data finds Sharp rise in suicide attempts among teen girls amid COVID-19. Ment Health Wkly 21 Juin. 2021;31(24):1\u20133.","journal-title":"Ment Health Wkly 21 Juin"},{"issue":"11","key":"1010_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e058297","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058297","volume":"12","author":"D Farbstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farbstein D, Lukito S, Yorke I, Wilson E, Crudgington H, El-Aalem O, et al. Risk and protective factors for self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 25 Nov. 2022;12(11):e058297.","journal-title":"BMJ Open 25 Nov"},{"key":"1010_CR63","unstructured":"NHS Digital. (2023). Mental health of children and young people in England, 2023: Wave 4 follow-up to the 2017 survey. https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/mental-health-of-children-and-young-people-in-england\/2023-wave-4-follow-up"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19317-9","volume":"24","author":"HE Danielsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danielsen HE, Finser\u00e5s TR, Andersen AIO, Hjetland GJ, Woodfin V, Skogen JC. Mirror, mirror on my screen: focus on self-presentation on social media is associated with perfectionism and disordered eating among adolescents. Results from the LifeOnSoMe-study. BMC Public Health 10 Sept. 2024;24(1):2466.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health 10 Sept"},{"key":"1010_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102038","volume":"87","author":"J Nesi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nesi J, Burke TA, Bettis AH, Kudinova AY, Thompson EC, MacPherson HA, et al. Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 1 Juill. 2021;87:102038.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev 1 Juill"},{"issue":"8","key":"1010_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30186-3","volume":"4","author":"A Orben","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orben A, Tomova L, Blakemore SJ. The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health. Lancet Child Adolesc Health ao\u00fbt. 2020;4(8):634\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0783-4","volume":"25","author":"AL Calear","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calear AL, Christensen H, Freeman A, Fenton K, Busby Grant J, van Spijker B, et al. A systematic review of psychosocial suicide prevention interventions for youth. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mai. 2016;25(5):467\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mai"},{"issue":"7","key":"1010_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.757","volume":"63","author":"MM Linehan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, Brown MZ, Gallop RJ, Heard HL, et al. Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry Juill. 2006;63(7):757\u201366.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry Juill"},{"issue":"5","key":"1010_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-019-09499-4","volume":"48","author":"A H\u00e4ggman-Laitila","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00e4ggman-Laitila A, Salokekkil\u00e4 P, Karki S. Young people\u2019s preparedness for adult life and coping after foster care: a systematic review of perceptions and experiences in the transition period. Child Youth Care Forum 1 Oct. 2019;48(5):633\u201361.","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum 1 Oct"},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/07351690.2013.835170","volume":"33","author":"A Bateman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bateman A, Fonagy P. Mentalization-Based treatment. Psychoanal Inq 1 Nov. 2013;33(6):595\u2013613.","journal-title":"Psychoanal Inq 1 Nov"},{"issue":"7","key":"1010_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-013-9531-z","volume":"28","author":"HB Hodgdon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodgdon HB, Kinniburgh K, Gabowitz D, Blaustein ME, Spinazzola J. Development and implementation of Trauma-Informed programming in youth residential treatment centers using the ARC framework. J Fam Violence 1 Oct. 2013;28(7):679\u201392.","journal-title":"J Fam Violence 1 Oct"},{"issue":"11","key":"1010_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0030-y","volume":"18","author":"A Janssens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Janssens A, Deboutte D. Screening for psychopathology in child welfare: the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) compared with the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Nov. 2009;18(11):691\u2013700.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Nov"},{"issue":"2","key":"1010_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-019-00269-x","volume":"13","author":"V Domon-Archambault","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domon-Archambault V, Terradas MM, Drieu D, De Fleurian A, Achim J, Poulain S, et al. Mentalization-Based training program for child care workers in residential settings. J Child Adolesc Trauma 21 Juin. 2019;13(2):239\u201348.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma 21 Juin"},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR74","first-page":"163","volume":"8","author":"JS Dorado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dorado JS, Martinez M, McArthur LE, Leibovitz T. Healthy environments and response to trauma in schools (HEARTS): A whole-school, multi-level, prevention and intervention program for creating trauma-informed, safe and supportive schools. Sch Ment Health Multidiscip Res Pract J. 2016;8(1):163\u201376.","journal-title":"Sch Ment Health Multidiscip Res Pract J"},{"key":"1010_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113264","volume":"291","author":"SB Guessoum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L, et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res Sept. 2020;291:113264.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Sept"},{"key":"1010_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloom SL, Farragher B. Restoring sanctuary: A new operating system for trauma-informed systems of care. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press; 2013. xviii, 314 p. (Restoring sanctuary: A new operating system for trauma-informed systems of care).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199796366.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T15:22:07Z","timestamp":1768922527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-025-01010-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-2000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-2000","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Aix-Marseille University Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2016-09-11-1). Written informed assent was obtained from adolescents, and written consent from their legal guardians or the child welfare judge when required. All procedures adhered to national and international ethical standards for research involving minors, including the Declaration of Helsinki (2013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}