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Here we engineered 12 compact Marionette-derived two-input promoter architectures in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    by combining defined template scaffolds with added operators, then quantified 19 reporter-specific four-state truth tables under a predefined operational criterion for chemical-input AND behaviour. Single-input template-promoter controls in matched reporter contexts helped separate weak parent-scaffold output from effects introduced by the second operator. Nine curated architectures passed in at least one reporter, and selected constructs delivered high-utility AND responses, including [11]\/max-off separation up to &gt;\u20091,367. The full pass\u2013fail dataset showed that a statistically higher [11] state does not necessarily create a useful switch. Practical utility depended mainly on suppressing [10] and [01] leakage, matching the template scaffold to the inserted operator, and controlling long-operator orientation and local sequence context. Reciprocal architectures behaved differently, and 4 of 7 dual-reporter architectures changed operational classification with reporter context. Thus, this work delivers a compact set of candidate Marionette-compatible two-input promoter parts and a source-traceable design framework for engineering bacterial chemical-input AND switches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-026-00728-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1785169499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering compact bacterial combinatorial promoters for two-input chemical AND switching"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Satya","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moon TS, Lou C, Tamsir A, Stanton BC, Voigt CA. 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