{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:36:54Z","timestamp":1792805814178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Brain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T15:44:11Z","timestamp":1560527051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Altered cortical Cytoarchitecture in the Fmr1 knockout mouse"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Frankie H. F.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence K. Y.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6742-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1352\/2008.113:427-438","volume":"113","author":"SW Harris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harris SW, Hessl D, Goodlin-Jones B, Ferranti J, Bacalman S, Barbato I, et al. Autism profiles of males with fragile X syndrome. Am J Ment Retard. 2008;113(6):427\u201338.","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200112000-00008","volume":"22","author":"SJ Rogers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rogers SJ, Wehner DE, Hagerman R. The behavioral phenotype in fragile X: symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001;22(6):409\u201317.","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1229-3","volume":"39","author":"F Sethna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sethna F, Moon C, Wang H. From FMRP function to potential therapies for fragile X syndrome. Neurochem Res. 2014;39(6):1016\u201331.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"478_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90125-I","volume":"66","author":"M Pieretti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pieretti M, Zhang FP, Fu YH, Warren ST, Oostra BA, Caskey CT, et al. Absence of expression of the FMR-1 gene in fragile X syndrome. Cell. 1991;66(4):817\u201322.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.6.397","volume":"1","author":"JS Sutcliffe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sutcliffe JS, Nelson DL, Zhang F, Pieretti M, Caskey CT, Saxe D, et al. DNA methylation represses FMR-1 transcription in fragile X syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1992;1(6):397\u2013400.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"478_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.11.023","volume":"1596","author":"S Gholizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gholizadeh S, Halder SK, Hampson DR. Expression of fragile X mental retardation protein in neurons and glia of the developing and adult mouse brain. Brain Res. 2015;1596:22\u201330.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"478_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20573","volume":"55","author":"LK Pacey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pacey LK, Doering LC. Developmental expression of FMRP in the astrocyte lineage: implications for fragile X syndrome. Glia. 2007;55(15):1601\u20139.","journal-title":"Glia."},{"issue":"29","key":"478_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1714-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"JL Olmos-Serrano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olmos-Serrano JL, Paluszkiewicz SM, Martin BS, Kaufmann WE, Corbin JG, Huntsman MM. Defective GABAergic neurotransmission and pharmacological rescue of neuronal hyperexcitability in the amygdala in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. J Neurosci. 2010;30(29):9929\u201338.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"19","key":"478_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt246","volume":"22","author":"LK Pacey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pacey LK, Xuan IC, Guan S, Sussman D, Henkelman RM, Chen Y, et al. Delayed myelination in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22(19):3920\u201330.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh009","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang H, Ku L, Osterhout DJ, Li W, Ahmadian A, Liang Z, et al. Developmentally-programmed FMRP expression in oligodendrocytes: a potential role of FMRP in regulating translation in oligodendroglia progenitors. Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13(1):79\u201389.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"478_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1159\/000329420","volume":"33","author":"SM Paluszkiewicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paluszkiewicz SM, Martin BS, Huntsman MM. Fragile X syndrome: the GABAergic system and circuit dysfunction. Dev Neurosci. 2011;33(5):349\u201364.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"478_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00568-2","volume":"107","author":"V Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown V, Jin P, Ceman S, Darnell JC, O'Donnell WT, Tenenbaum SA, et al. Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome. Cell. 2001;107(4):477\u201387.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.013","volume":"146","author":"JC Darnell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darnell JC, Van Driesche SJ, Zhang C, Hung KY, Mele A, Fraser CE, et al. FMRP stalls ribosomal translocation on mRNAs linked to synaptic function and autism. Cell. 2011;146(2):247\u201361.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"7429","key":"478_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11737","volume":"492","author":"M Ascano Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ascano M Jr, Mukherjee N, Bandaru P, Miller JB, Nusbaum JD, Corcoran DL, et al. FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression. Nature. 2012;492(7429):382\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"4","key":"478_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2014.01024","volume":"3","author":"TM Kazdoba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kazdoba TM, Leach PT, Silverman JL, Crawley JN. Modeling fragile X syndrome in the Fmr1 knockout mouse. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2014;3(4):118\u201333.","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis Res"},{"key":"478_CR16","unstructured":"The Dutch-Belgian Fragile X Consortium, Bakker CE, Verheij C, Willemsen R, van der Helm R, Oerlemans F, et al. Fmr1 knockout mice: a model to study fragile X mental retardation. Cell. 1994;78(1):23\u201333."},{"issue":"14","key":"478_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05139.2001","volume":"21","author":"EA Nimchinsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nimchinsky EA, Oberlander AM, Svoboda K. Abnormal development of dendritic spines in FMR1 knock-out mice. J Neurosci. 2001;21(14):5139\u201346.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"478_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5401","volume":"94","author":"TA Comery","year":"1997","unstructured":"Comery TA, Harris JB, Willems PJ, Oostra BA, Irwin SA, Weiler IJ, et al. Abnormal dendritic spines in fragile X knockout mice: maturation and pruning deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(10):5401\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"478_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.03.049","volume":"251","author":"CX He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He CX, Portera-Cailliau C. The trouble with spines in fragile X syndrome: density, maturity and plasticity. Neuroscience. 2013;251:120\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"3","key":"478_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2741","volume":"14","author":"P Penzes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Penzes P, Cahill ME, Jones KA, VanLeeuwen JE, Woolfrey KM. Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2011;14(3):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"478_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.05.009.2009","volume":"3","author":"M Hoistad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hoistad M, Segal D, Takahashi N, Sakurai T, Buxbaum JD, Hof PR. Linking white and grey matter in schizophrenia: oligodendrocyte and neuron pathology in the prefrontal cortex. Front Neuroanat. 2009;3:9.","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"478_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769207","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/769207","volume":"2010","author":"P Garcia-Lopez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia-Lopez P, Garcia-Marin V, Freire M. Dendritic spines and development: towards a unifying model of spinogenesis--a present day review of Cajal's histological slides and drawings. Neural Plast. 2010;2010:769207.","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"478_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.058","volume":"1359","author":"DK Cullen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cullen DK, Gilroy ME, Irons HR, Laplaca MC. Synapse-to-neuron ratio is inversely related to neuronal density in mature neuronal cultures. Brain Res. 2010;1359:44\u201355.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"478_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113810","volume":"35","author":"AH Stephan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stephan AH, Barres BA, Stevens B. The complement system: an unexpected role in synaptic pruning during development and disease. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2012;35:369\u201389.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7480","key":"478_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12776","volume":"504","author":"WS Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung WS, Clarke LE, Wang GX, Stafford BK, Sher A, Chakraborty C, et al. Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways. Nature. 2013;504(7480):394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.01.011","volume":"1822","author":"H Wei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wei H, Chadman KK, McCloskey DP, Sheikh AM, Malik M, Brown WT, et al. Brain IL-6 elevation causes neuronal circuitry imbalances and mediates autism-like behaviors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1822(6):831\u201342.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"478_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00272","volume":"11","author":"V Krasovska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krasovska V, Doering LC. Regulation of IL-6 secretion by astrocytes via TLR4 in the fragile X mouse model. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:272.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"27","key":"478_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7079","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1069-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"H Higashimori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higashimori H, Schin CS, Chiang MS, Morel L, Shoneye TA, Nelson DL, et al. Selective deletion of Astroglial FMRP dysregulates glutamate transporter GLT1 and contributes to fragile X syndrome phenotypes in vivo. J Neurosci. 2016;36(27):7079\u201394.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"478_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1177\/44.10.8813082","volume":"44","author":"HK Wolf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wolf HK, Buslei R, Schmidt-Kastner R, Schmidt-Kastner PK, Pietsch T, Wiestler OD, et al. NeuN: a useful neuronal marker for diagnostic histopathology. J Histochem Cytochem. 1996;44(10):1167\u201371.","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"478_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1519","volume":"5","author":"H Markram","year":"2004","unstructured":"Markram H, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, Gupta A, Silberberg G, Wu C. Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5(10):793\u2013807.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.1.387","volume":"70","author":"Y Kawaguchi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kawaguchi Y, Kubota Y. Correlation of physiological subgroupings of nonpyramidal cells with parvalbumin- and calbindinD28k-immunoreactive neurons in layer V of rat frontal cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1993;70(1):387\u201396.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2151","volume":"8","author":"BJ Molyneaux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Molyneaux BJ, Arlotta P, Menezes JR, Macklis JD. Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8(6):427\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"478_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4219-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"FH Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee FH, Fadel MP, Preston-Maher K, Cordes SP, Clapcote SJ, Price DJ, et al. Disc1 point mutations in mice affect development of the cerebral cortex. J Neurosci. 2011;31(9):3197\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"478_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20207","volume":"50","author":"M Pekny","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pekny M, Nilsson M. Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. Glia. 2005;50(4):427\u201334.","journal-title":"Glia."},{"issue":"12","key":"478_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.08.002","volume":"32","author":"MV Sofroniew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sofroniew MV. Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Trends Neurosci. 2009;32(12):638\u201347.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"478_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21896","volume":"6","author":"A Berretta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berretta A, Gowing EK, Jasoni CL, Clarkson AN. Sonic hedgehog stimulates neurite outgrowth in a mechanical stretch model of reactive-astrogliosis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21896.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"478_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4789-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"GR John","year":"2004","unstructured":"John GR, Chen L, Rivieccio MA, Melendez-Vasquez CV, Hartley A, Brosnan CF. Interleukin-1beta induces a reactive astroglial phenotype via deactivation of the rho GTPase-rock axis. J Neurosci. 2004;24(11):2837\u201345.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"478_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.247","volume":"70","author":"SS Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall SS, Jiang H, Reiss AL, Greicius MD. Identifying large-scale brain networks in fragile X syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(11):1215\u201323.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10","key":"478_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds030","volume":"21","author":"SM Till","year":"2012","unstructured":"Till SM, Wijetunge LS, Seidel VG, Harlow E, Wright AK, Bagni C, et al. Altered maturation of the primary somatosensory cortex in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21(10):2143\u201356.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"49","key":"478_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17834","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508995102","volume":"102","author":"M Castren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castren M, Tervonen T, Karkkainen V, Heinonen S, Castren E, Larsson K, et al. Altered differentiation of neural stem cells in fragile X syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(49):17834\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.10.010","volume":"33","author":"TA Tervonen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tervonen TA, Louhivuori V, Sun X, Hokkanen ME, Kratochwil CF, Zebryk P, et al. Aberrant differentiation of glutamatergic cells in neocortex of mouse model for fragile X syndrome. Neurobiol Dis. 2009;33(2):250\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2505","volume":"35","author":"O Khalfallah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khalfallah O, Jarjat M, Davidovic L, Nottet N, Cestele S, Mantegazza M, et al. Depletion of the fragile X mental retardation protein in embryonic stem cells alters the kinetics of neurogenesis. Stem Cells. 2017;35(2):374\u201385.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30025-4","volume":"8","author":"N Sunamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sunamura N, Iwashita S, Enomoto K, Kadoshima T, Isono F. Loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein causes aberrant differentiation in human neural progenitor cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11585.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"478_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00245","volume":"8","author":"CA Cea-Del Rio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cea-Del Rio CA, Huntsman MM. The contribution of inhibitory interneurons to circuit dysfunction in fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:245.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"478_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.11.062","volume":"412","author":"L Selby","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selby L, Zhang C, Sun QQ. Major defects in neocortical GABAergic inhibitory circuits in mice lacking the fragile X mental retardation protein. Neurosci Lett. 2007;412(3):227\u201332.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4123","key":"478_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4123.425","volume":"183","author":"P Rakic","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rakic P. Neurons in rhesus monkey visual cortex: systematic relation between time of origin and eventual disposition. Science. 1974;183(4123):425\u20137.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.05.006","volume":"18","author":"DP Leone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leone DP, Srinivasan K, Chen B, Alcamo E, McConnell SK. The determination of projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2008;18(1):28\u201335.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"478_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3870","volume":"17","author":"G La Fata","year":"2014","unstructured":"La Fata G, Gartner A, Dominguez-Iturza N, Dresselaers T, Dawitz J, Poorthuis RB, et al. FMRP regulates multipolar to bipolar transition affecting neuronal migration and cortical circuitry. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17(12):1693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"478_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000230223.51595.99","volume":"67","author":"F Moro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moro F, Pisano T, Bernardina BD, Polli R, Murgia A, Zoccante L, et al. Periventricular heterotopia in fragile X syndrome. Neurology. 2006;67(4):713\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"5","key":"478_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3753-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"VS Achuta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Achuta VS, Rezov V, Uutela M, Louhivuori V, Louhivuori L, Castren ML. Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to alterations of neuronal migration and activity-dependent responses in fragile X mice. J Neurosci. 2014;34(5):1916\u201323.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"478_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.2741\/s455","volume":"8","author":"ML Castren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castren ML. Cortical neurogenesis in fragile X syndrome. Front Biosci. 2016;8:160\u20138.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.871","volume":"81","author":"N Baumann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baumann N, Pham-Dinh D. Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rev. 2001;81(2):871\u2013927.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.115","volume":"35","author":"GZ Tau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tau GZ, Peterson BS. Normal development of brain circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):147\u201368.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"478_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.01.013","volume":"11","author":"SS Hall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall SS, Dougherty RF, Reiss AL. Profiles of aberrant white matter microstructure in fragile X syndrome. NeuroImage Clinical. 2016;11:133\u20138.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"issue":"5","key":"478_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019849","volume":"6","author":"S Doretto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Doretto S, Malerba M, Ramos M, Ikrar T, Kinoshita C, De Mei C, et al. Oligodendrocytes as regulators of neuronal networks during early postnatal development. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19849.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"478_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03295.x","volume":"51","author":"BW Haas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haas BW, Barnea-Goraly N, Lightbody AA, Patnaik SS, Hoeft F, Hazlett H, et al. Early white-matter abnormalities of the ventral frontostriatal pathway in fragile X syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51(8):593\u20139.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"478_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.021","volume":"318","author":"JK Lai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lai JK, Lerch JP, Doering LC, Foster JA, Ellegood J. Regional brain volumes changes in adult male FMR1-KO mouse on the FVB strain. Neuroscience. 2016;318:12\u201321.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR58","first-page":"81","volume":"118B","author":"N Barnea-Goraly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barnea-Goraly N, Eliez S, Hedeus M, Menon V, White CD, Moseley M, et al. White matter tract alterations in fragile X syndrome: preliminary evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. American journal of medical genetics part B, neuropsychiatric genetics: the official publication of the international society of. Psychiatr Genet. 2003;118B(1):81\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"478_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.11.012","volume":"94","author":"L Sominsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sominsky L, De Luca S, Spencer SJ. Microglia: key players in neurodevelopment and neuronal plasticity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018;94:56\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"478_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00566","volume":"10","author":"K Reemst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reemst K, Noctor SC, Lucassen PJ, Hol EM. The indispensable roles of microglia and astrocytes during brain development. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:566.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"478_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.03.005","volume":"27","author":"SA Sloan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sloan SA, Barres BA. Mechanisms of astrocyte development and their contributions to neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2014;27:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6048","key":"478_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","volume":"333","author":"RC Paolicelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paolicelli RC, Bolasco G, Pagani F, Maggi L, Scianni M, Panzanelli P, et al. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science. 2011;333(6048):1456\u20138.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"6","key":"478_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.036","volume":"131","author":"B Stevens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stevens B, Allen NJ, Vazquez LE, Howell GR, Christopherson KS, Nouri N, et al. The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination. Cell. 2007;131(6):1164\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.272","volume":"70","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Sugihara G, Ouchi Y, Nakamura K, Futatsubashi M, Takebayashi K, et al. Microglial activation in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(1):49\u201358.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"478_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20315","volume":"57","author":"DL Vargas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA. Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Ann Neurol. 2005;57(1):67\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"478_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.015","volume":"1802","author":"CJ Yuskaitis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuskaitis CJ, Beurel E, Jope RS. Evidence of reactive astrocytes but not peripheral immune system activation in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1802(11):1006\u201312.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"10","key":"478_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.400","volume":"5","author":"LK Pacey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pacey LK, Guan S, Tharmalingam S, Thomsen C, Hampson DR. Persistent astrocyte activation in the fragile X mouse cerebellum. Brain Behav. 2015;5(10):e00400.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2117-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"H Lian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lian H, Litvinchuk A, Chiang AC, Aithmitti N, Jankowsky JL, Zheng H. Astrocyte-microglia cross talk through complement activation modulates amyloid pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2016;36(2):577\u201389.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"478_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00042","volume":"13","author":"E Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee E, Chung WS. Glial control of synapse number in healthy and diseased brain. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:42.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"478_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.036","volume":"82","author":"JL Hodges","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hodges JL, Yu X, Gilmore A, Bennett H, Tjia M, Perna JF, et al. Astrocytic contributions to synaptic and learning abnormalities in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82(2):139\u201349.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"478_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15043","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15043","volume":"5","author":"J Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang J, Yang H, Liu Y, Li X, Qin L, Lou H, et al. Astrocytes contribute to synapse elimination via type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-dependent release of ATP. eLife. 2016;5:e15043.","journal-title":"eLife."},{"issue":"3","key":"478_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220500208846","volume":"4","author":"JA Laurence","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laurence JA, Fatemi SH. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is elevated in superior frontal, parietal and cerebellar cortices of autistic subjects. Cerebellum. 2005;4(3):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Cerebellum."},{"issue":"18","key":"478_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6221-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"JL Zamanian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zamanian JL, Xu L, Foo LC, Nouri N, Zhou L, Giffard RG, et al. Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis. J Neurosci. 2012;32(18):6391\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Molecular Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T23:13:55Z","timestamp":1592003635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-019-0478-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}