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However, the role of interaction between gut dysbiosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of anxiety and depression remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 3321 independent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with gut microbiome were driven from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using individual level genotype data from UK Biobank, we then calculated the polygenetic risk scoring (PRS) of 114 gut microbiome related traits. Moreover, regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible effect of interaction between gut microbiome and CRP on the risks of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (N\u2009=\u2009113,693) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (N\u2009=\u2009114,219). At last, 11 candidate CRP\u2009\u00d7\u2009gut microbiome interaction with suggestive significance was detected for PHQ-9 score, such as <jats:italic>F_Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.009, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>), <jats:italic>G_Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.008, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.60\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>), <jats:italic>F_Acidaminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.008, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.22\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>), <jats:italic>G_Holdemanella<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.007, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.39\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>O_Lactobacillales<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.006, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.79\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>). 16 candidate CRP\u2009\u00d7\u2009gut microbiome interaction with suggestive significance was detected for GAD-7 score, such as <jats:italic>O_Bacteroidales<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.010, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.00\u00d7 \u200910<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>), <jats:italic>O_Selenomonadales<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.010, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.20\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>), <jats:italic>O_Clostridiales<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.009, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.70\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>G_Holdemanella<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.008, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.20\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>). Our results support the significant effect of interaction between CRP and gut microbiome on the risks of anxiety and depression, and identified several candidate gut microbiomes for them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-021-00843-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1630760547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Assessing the effect of interaction between C-reactive protein and gut microbiome on the risks of anxiety and depression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yujing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuena","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2019e","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5262-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16010034","volume":"174","author":"ST Aaronson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aaronson ST, Sears P, Ruvuna F, Bunker M, Conway CR, Dougherty DD, et al. 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