{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T04:26:51Z","timestamp":1749875211095,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2019R1A2C3002354","2017R1A2B4002683","2018R1A5A2025079","2022M3E5E8018388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A2C3002354","2017R1A2B4002683","2018R1A5A2025079","2022M3E5E8018388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Brain"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Protocadherin 19 (Pcdh19) is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is involved in a variety of neuronal functions. Here, we tested whether Pcdh19 has a regulatory role in axon guidance using the developing <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> retinotectal system. We performed targeted microinjections of a translation blocking antisense morpholino oligonucleotide to knock down the expression of Pcdh19 selectively in the central nervous system. Knocking down Pcdh19 expression resulted in navigational errors of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons specifically at the optic chiasm. Instead of projecting to the contralateral optic tectum, RGC axons in the Pcdh19-depleted embryo misprojected ipsilaterally. Although incorrectly delivered into the ipsilateral brain hemisphere, these axons correctly reached the optic tectum. These data suggest that Pcdh19 has a critical role in preventing mixing of RGC axons originating from the opposite eyes at the optic chiasm, highlighting the importance of cell adhesion in bundling of RGC axons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-024-01130-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T13:40:28Z","timestamp":1724420428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protocadherin 19 regulates axon guidance in the developing Xenopus retinotectal pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jugeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.009","volume":"143","author":"SL Zipursky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zipursky SL, Sanes JR. Chemoaffinity revisited: dscams, protocadherins, and neural circuit assembly. Cell. 2010;143:343\u201353.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1130_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.780053","volume":"12","author":"GB Dell'Isola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Isola GB, et al. The broad clinical spectrum of epilepsies associated with protocadherin 19 gene mutation. Front Neurol. 2021;12: 780053.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1130_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.149","volume":"40","author":"LM Dibbens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dibbens LM, et al. X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment. Nat Genet. 2008;40:776\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1130_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201007008","volume":"191","author":"S Biswas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biswas S, Emond MR, Jontes JD. Protocadherin-19 and N-cadherin interact to control cell movements during anterior neurulation. J Cell Biol. 2010;191:1029\u201341.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"1130_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110857","volume":"39","author":"L Gerosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gerosa L, et al. The epilepsy-associated protein PCDH19 undergoes NMDA receptor-dependent proteolytic cleavage and regulates the expression of immediate-early genes. Cell Rep. 2022;39: 110857.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1130_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3893","author":"N Hoshina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoshina N, Johnson-Venkatesh EM, Hoshina M, Umemori H. Female-specific synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of PCDH19 disorder. 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