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This study investigated the relationship between BDNF polymorphisms and cognitive impairment, symptom severity, and cortical structural injury in mTBI patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sixty-one mTBI patients underwent neuropsychological assessments and MRI scans within one week post-injury, with 46 patients followed up at one month. Fifty-two healthy controls were included for comparison. Patients with mTBI exhibited clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and alterations in cortical thickness during in the acute phase.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>BDNF Met gene carriers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941) and Val gene carriers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) demonstrated different cognitive performance in the acute phase and exhibited distinct recovery trajectories. Val carriers showed significantly better cognitive flexibility compared to Met carriers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) during the acute phase and greater improvement in clinical symptoms at one month (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035). Follow-up MRI scans revealed more extensive and statistically significant alterations in cortical thickness in Met carriers than in Val carriers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), particularly in regions associated with cognitive and emotional regulation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings suggest that BDNF polymorphisms in mTBI patients are associated with brain structural changes and may serve as valuable biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk for long-term clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-025-01239-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:46:39Z","timestamp":1760456799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BDNF genotype associated with changes in cortical thickness, severity of symptoms, and cognitive impairments in mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jierui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nengrui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e31828a418b","volume":"45","author":"K Bergman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergman K, Given B, Fabiano R, Schutte D, von Eye A, Davidson S. 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