{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:02:53Z","timestamp":1790787773449,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thyroid Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) in the thyroid gland is a rare disease with generally a favorable prognosis. Treatment with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy has been shown to improve local control and long-term survival rates. In this report, we present a case of a recurrent thyroid gland CASTLE and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 60-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with a CASTLE thyroid tumor in 2015, had a total thyroidectomy and was maintained on thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine). After 5\u00a0years, the patient had a recurrence, in an advanced stage unsuitable for surgery. As the patient declined to undergo radiotherapy, she was followed up without intervention and is currently stable after 15\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CASTLE is a rare disease, diagnosed based on postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry analysis, especially upon CD5 marker. In case of relapse, treatment options include surgery and radiotherapy; however conservative management without intervention is an acceptable alternative in some cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-021-00111-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T01:02:44Z","timestamp":1629075764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Recurrence of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) involving the thyroid gland"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"N. V.","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. X.","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. T. T.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. T. T.","family":"Nhung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. T.","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. V.","family":"Quang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4510","volume":"91","author":"S Roka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roka S, Kornek G, Sch\u00fcller J, Ortmann E, Feichtinger J, Armbruster C. Carcinoma showing thymic-like elements\u2014a rare malignancy of the thyroid gland. Br J Surg. 2004;91(2):142\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.4510.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01656263","volume":"9","author":"A Miyauchi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Miyauchi A, Kuma K, Matsuzuka F, Matsubayashi S, Kobayashi A, Tamai H, Katayama S. Intrathyroidal epithelial thymoma: an entity distinct from squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. World J Surg. 1985;9:128\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01656263.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90083-2","volume":"22","author":"JK Chan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chan JK, Rosai J. Tumors of the neck showing thymic or related branchial pouch differentiation: a unifying concept. 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