{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:46:45Z","timestamp":1782784005044,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thyroid Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:24:26Z","timestamp":1778084666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple machine learning models for the prediction of an early response to radioactive iodine therapy in hyperthyroidism: ablative dose concept"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6070-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Pantic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pantic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Strahinja","family":"Odalovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branislava","family":"Radovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milica","family":"Kotur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Sobic-Saranovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Grujicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Malicevic-Crevar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miona","family":"Mihajlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Grozdic-Milojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slobodanka","family":"Beatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Artiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19052","volume":"330","author":"SY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee SY, Pearce EN, Hyperthyroidism. Rev JAMA. 2023;330(15):1472\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.19052.","journal-title":"Rev JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"299_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001791","volume":"45","author":"NQX Quah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quah NQX, Sobti MM, Wren AM, et al. Radioactive iodine treatment for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism: incidence of Graves orbitopathy. Nucl Med Commun. 2024;45(2):103\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001791.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"299_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.345.15244","volume":"34","author":"T Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad T, Khoja A, Rashid NH, et al. Outcome of radioactive iodine therapy in Toxic Nodular Goiter in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(5):1146\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.345.15244.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"299_CR4","unstructured":"Khalid N, Can AS, Plummer Disease. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. PMID: 33351415."},{"issue":"7","key":"299_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa214","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa214","volume":"105","author":"C Roque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roque C, Santos FS, Pilli T, et al. Long-term Effects of Radioiodine in Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Thyroid Volume, Function, and Autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(7):dgaa214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa214.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"299_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06274-5","volume":"50","author":"A Campenn\u00ec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campenn\u00ec A, Avram AM, Verburg FA, et al. The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(11):3324\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-023-06274-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"15","key":"299_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152582","volume":"13","author":"J Kufel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kufel J, Bargie\u0142-\u0141\u0105czek K, Kocot S, et al. What Is Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning?-Examples of Practical Applications in Medicine. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(15):2582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13152582.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad252","volume":"29","author":"R Sa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sa R, Yang T, Zhang Z, et al. Random Forest for Predicting Treatment Response to Radioiodine and Thyrotropin Suppression Therapy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer But Without Structural Disease. Oncologist. 2024;29(1):e68\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad252.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"299_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N3029","volume":"44","author":"O B\u00fclb\u00fcl","year":"2024","unstructured":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl O, Nak D. Predicting excellent response to radioiodine in differentiated thyroid cancer using machine learning. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2024;44(4):261\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14639\/0392-100X-N3029.","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"5","key":"299_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220119","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0119","volume":"11","author":"L Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan L, Zhang HY, Lv M, et al. Machine learning identifies baseline clinical features that predict early hypothyroidism in patients with Graves\u2019 disease after radioiodine therapy. Endocr Connect. 2022;11(5):e220119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EC-22-0119.","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"3","key":"299_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1074-7","volume":"54","author":"P Szumowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szumowski P, Mojsak M, Abdelrazek S, Syka\u0142a M, Amelian-Fi\u0142onowicz A, Jurgilewicz D, et al. Calculation of therapeutic activity of radioiodine in Graves\u2019 disease by means of Marinelli\u2019s formula, using technetium (99mTc) scintigraphy. Endocrine. 2016;54(3):751\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-016-1074-7.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8529(05)70307-8","volume":"27","author":"MM Kaplan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaplan MM, Meier DA, Dworkin HJ. Treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27(1):205\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-8529(05)70307-8.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"299_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mednuc.2020.07.001","volume":"44","author":"A B\u00e9ron","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e9ron A, W\u00e9meau J-L. Iodine 131 in the treatment of large goiters. M\u00e9decine Nucl\u00e9aire. 2020;44(4):277\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mednuc.2020.07.001.","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Nucl\u00e9aire"},{"key":"299_CR14","first-page":"260","volume":"59","author":"LD Marinelli","year":"1948","unstructured":"Marinelli LD, Quimby EH, Hine GJ. Dosage determination with radioactive isotopes; practical considerations in therapy and protection. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther. 1948;59:260\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"299_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1074-7","volume":"54","author":"P Szumowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szumowski P, Mojsak M, Abdelrazek S, et al. Calculation of therapeutic activity of radioiodine in Graves\u2019 disease by means of Marinelli\u2019s formula, using technetium (99mTc) scintigraphy. Endocrine. 2016;54(3):751\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-016-1074-7.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"299_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2003.06505","author":"N Erickson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erickson N, Mueller J, Shirkov A. AutoGluon-Tabular: Robust and Accurate AutoML for Structured Data. arXiv:2003 06505 [stat ML]. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2003.06505.","journal-title":"arXiv:2003 06505 [stat ML]"},{"key":"299_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lundberg S, Lee S-I. A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions. arXiv:1705.07874 [cs.AI]. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1705.07874","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1705.07874"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5603\/NMR.a2022.0007","volume":"25","author":"S Alidadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alidadi S, Shabestani Monfared A, Amiri M, et al. The efficacy of melatonin against radiotoxicity of iodine-131 and its response to treatment in hyperthyroid patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2022;25(1):31\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/NMR.a2022.0007.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur"},{"issue":"4","key":"299_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0343","volume":"27","author":"V Sundaresh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sundaresh V, Brito JP, Thapa P, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Treatment Choices for Graves\u2019 Hyperthyroidism: A Historical Cohort Study. Thyroid. 2017;27(4):497\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2016.0343.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"299_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.66266\/inajemd.v1i2.12","volume":"1","author":"D Daniella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Daniella D, Nugraha IBA, Gotera W. Comparison of Anti Thyroid Drugs, Radioactive Iodine and Surgery for Graves\u2019 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. InaJEMD. 2024;1(2):1\u20139.","journal-title":"InaJEMD"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-023-03692-5","volume":"86","author":"MA Salman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salman MA, Assal MM, Salman A, et al. Outcomes of Radioactive Iodine Versus Surgery for the Treatment of Graves\u2019 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Surg. 2024;86(1):18\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12262-023-03692-5.","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-022-00138-0","volume":"15","author":"G Sj\u00f6lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6lin G, Watt T, Bystr\u00f6m K, et al. Long term outcome after toxic nodular goitre. Thyroid Res. 2022;15(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13044-022-00138-0.","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"299_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4274\/mirt.48378","volume":"24","author":"H \u015eak\u0131","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u015eak\u0131 H, Cengiz A, Y\u00fcrekli Y. Effectiveness of Radioiodine Treatment for Toxic Nodular Goiter. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2015;24(3):100\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/mirt.48378.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther"},{"key":"299_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endmts.2025.100239","volume":"18","author":"S Anjum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anjum S, Iqbal J, Riaz M, et al. Effectiveness of radioactive iodine (RAI) and its associations with different factors in people presenting with hyperthyroidism. Endocr Metab Sci. 2025;18:100239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endmts.2025.100239.","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"299_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.35755\/jmedassocthai.2022.12.13710","volume":"105","author":"S Rattanamanee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rattanamanee S, Samphantharat T. Outcome of Radioiodine Treatment in Hyperthyroidism and Predictive Factors of Treatment Failure: A 10-Year Experience. J Med Assoc Thai. 2022;105(12):1201\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35755\/jmedassocthai.2022.12.13710.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"2","key":"299_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.03.068","volume":"223","author":"M Shalaby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shalaby M, Hadedeya D, Toraih EA, et al. Predictive factors of radioiodine therapy failure in Graves\u2019 Disease: A meta-analysis. Am J Surg. 2022;223(2):287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.03.068.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"299_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02573-1","volume":"73","author":"M Finessi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finessi M, Bisceglia A, Passera R, et al. Predictive factors of a worse response to radioactive Iodine-I131 treatment in hyperthyroidism: outcome analysis in 424 patients. A single centre experience. Endocrine. 2021;73(1):107\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-020-02573-1.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"299_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00557-w","volume":"20","author":"RT Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu RT, Liu DS, Li B. Predictive factors for early hypothyroidism following the radioactive iodine therapy in Graves\u2019 disease patients. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;20:76.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"299_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.05.001","volume":"28","author":"BK Demir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demir BK, Karakilic E, Saygili ES, et al. Predictors of Hypothyroidism Following Empirical Dose Radioiodine in Toxic Thyroid Nodules: Real-Life Experience. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(8):749\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.05.001.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"299_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7535093","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7535093","volume":"2024","author":"W Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng W, Shi H, Yang Y, et al. Predictive Factors for the Efficacy of Radioactive Iodine Treatment of Graves\u2019 Disease: An Experience From 613 Chinese Patients. Int J Endocrinol. 2024;2024:7535093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/7535093.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Thyroid Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:40:00Z","timestamp":1782783600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13044-026-00299-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-6614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-6614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. A decision (1500\/45) from 29.09.2025 made by the institution\u2019s Ethics Committee allows employees of the nuclear medicine center to use anonymous data and obtained patient results for scientific research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}