{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:59:26Z","timestamp":1790675966894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hematol Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people worldwide, but little is known at this time about second infections or reactivation. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old female undergoing treatment for CD20+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who experienced a viral reactivation after receiving rituximab, cytarabine, and dasatinib. She was initially hospitalized with COVID-19 in April and developed a high antibody titer with two negative nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swabs for SARS-CoV-2 on discharge. After recovery, she resumed treatment in June for her leukemia, which included rituximab, cytarabine, and dasatinib. She promptly lost her COVID-19 antibodies, and her nasal PCR turned positive in June. She developed a severe COVID-19 pneumonia with lymphopenia, high inflammatory markers, and characteristic bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest CT, requiring high-flow nasal cannula and transfer to the intensive care unit. She received steroids, anticoagulation, and convalescent plasma, and within 48\u00a0h she was off oxygen. She was discharged home in stable condition several days later. Given the short time frame from leukemia treatment to PCR positivity and the low case rate in mid-June in New York City, reinfection appears to have been unlikely and SARS-CoV-2 reactivation is a possible explanation. This case illustrates the risks of treating recently recovered COVID-19 patients with immunosuppressive therapy, particularly lymphocyte- and antibody-depleting therapy, and raises new questions about the potential of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1601647376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Severe COVID-19 virus reactivation following treatment for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Lancman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Bar-Natan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25855","author":"AT Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao AT, Tong YX, Zhang S. False-negative of RT-PCR and prolonged nucleic acid conversion in COVID-19: rather than recurrence. J Med Virol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25855.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"968_CR2","unstructured":"Yuan J, Kou S, Liang Y, et al. PCR assays turned positive in 25 discharged COVID-19 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa398."},{"issue":"5","key":"968_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.001","volume":"80","author":"G Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye G, Pan Z, Pan Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reactivation. J Infect. 2020;80(5):e14\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"20","key":"968_CR4","first-page":"30279","volume":"S0163\u20134453","author":"S Ravioli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravioli S, Ochsner H, Lindner G. Reactivation of COVID-19 pneumonia: a report of two cases. J Infect. 2020;S0163\u20134453(20):30279\u201386.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"968_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-02-700153","volume":"128","author":"P Rousselot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rousselot P, Coud\u00e9 MM, Gokbuget N, et al. Dasatinib and low-intensity chemotherapy in elderly patients with Philadelphia chromosome\u2013positive ALL. Blood. 2016;128(6):774\u201382.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7821","key":"968_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2550-z","volume":"584","author":"N Le Bert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le Bert N, Tan AT, Kunasegaran K, et al. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls. Nature. 2020;584(7821):457\u201362.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"968_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-00453-4","volume":"8","author":"I Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang I, Pranata R. Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intensive Care. 2020;8:36.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"968_CR8","first-page":"e9535","volume":"12","author":"N Bakhtawar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakhtawar N, Usman M, Khan MMU. Convalescent plasma therapy and its effects on COVID-19 patient outcomes: a systematic review of current literature. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9535.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"968_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","volume":"581","author":"R W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","unstructured":"W\u00f6lfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature. 2020;581:465\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hematology &amp; Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:48:06Z","timestamp":1633135686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jhoonline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-020-00968-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-8722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-8722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patient consented to publication of case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"131"}}