{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1776509133808,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Clin Cancer Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-016-0409-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T12:53:18Z","timestamp":1473166398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["New derivatives of the antimalarial drug Pyrimethamine in the control of melanoma tumor growth: an in vitro and in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tommasino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Buoncervello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard T.","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Alberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Cerbelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"d\u2019Amati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Malorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Gabriele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Giammarioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-33-30","volume":"33","author":"V Chiarion Sileni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiarion Sileni V, Pigozzo J, Ascierto PA, Grimaldi AM, Maio M, Di Guardo L, et al. Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab in elderly patients with pretreated advanced melanoma treated at Italian centres through the expanded access programme. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2014;33:30\u20137.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR2","first-page":"1493","volume":"34","author":"K Azijli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Azijli K, Stelloo E, Peters GJ, Van Den Eertwegh AJ. New developments in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Anticancer Res. 2014;34:1493\u2013505.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-28-50","volume":"28","author":"AM Risti\u0107-Fira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Risti\u0107-Fira AM, Kori\u0107anac LB, \u017dakula JJ, Valastro LM, Iannolo G, Privitera G, et al. Effects of fotemustine or dacarbasine on a melanoma cell line pretreated with therapeutic proton irradiation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2009;28:50\u20139.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104621","volume":"364","author":"C Robert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, Weber J, Garbe C, Lebbe C, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2517\u201326.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.6018","volume":"33","author":"M Maio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maio M, Grob JJ, Aamdal S, Bondarenko I, Robert C, Thomas L, et al. Five-year survival rates for treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab plus dacarbazine in a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1191\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.06.002","volume":"39","author":"Z Tatar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tatar Z, Thivat E, Planchat E, Gimbergues P, Gadea E, Abrial C. Temozolomide and unusual indications: review of literature. Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39:125\u201335.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"409_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-198","volume":"10","author":"N Nilubol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nilubol N, Zhang L, Shen M, Zhang YQ, He M, Austin CP, et al. Four clinically utilized drugs were identified and validated for treatment of adrenocortical cancer using quantitative high-throughput screening. J Transl Med. 2012;10:198\u2013213.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kundu CN, Das S, Nayak A, Satapathy SR, Das D, Siddharth S. Anti-malarials are anti-cancers and vice versa - one arrow two sparrows. Acta Tropica. 2015;149:1133\u201327. doi: 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.03.028 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.03.028"},{"key":"409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1081\/IPH-200067736","volume":"27","author":"F Saadat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saadat F, Khorramizadeh MR, Mirshafiey A. Chemoprevention by pyrimethamine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2005;27:233\u201340.","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-08-0263","volume":"7","author":"M Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen M, Osman I, Orlow SJ. Antifolate activity of pyrimethamine enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2009;7:703\u201312.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0222","volume":"68","author":"AM Giammarioli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giammarioli AM, Maselli A, Casagrande A, Gambardella L, Gallina A, Spada M, et al. Pyrimethamine induces apoptosis of melanoma cells via a caspase and cathepsin double-edged mechanism. Cancer Res. 2008;68:5291\u2013300.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196906122802402","volume":"280","author":"S Waxman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Waxman S, Herbert V. Mechanisms of pyrimethamine-induced megaloblastosis in human bone marrow. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:1316\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"409_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/138.5.280","volume":"138","author":"JI Matthews","year":"1973","unstructured":"Matthews JI, Molitor JT, Hunk KK. Pyrimethamine-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with malaria and tropical sprue: case report. Milit Med. 1973;138:280\u20133.","journal-title":"Milit Med"},{"key":"409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.5.1056","volume":"37","author":"M Opravil","year":"1993","unstructured":"Opravil M, Keusch G, L\u00fcthy R. Pyrimethamine inhibits renal secretion of creatinine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37:1056\u201360.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.6.1360","volume":"40","author":"JM Jacobson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jacobson JM, Davidian M, Rainey PM, Hafner R, Raasch RH, Luft BJ. Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:1360\u20135.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"409_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63342-3","volume":"245","author":"R Ferone","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ferone R. Dihydrofolate reductase from pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium berghei. J Biol Chem. 1970;245:850\u20134.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"409_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082962","volume":"8","author":"R Hooft van Huijsduijnen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Guy RK, Chibale K, Haynes RK, Peitz I, Kelter G, et al. Anticancer properties of distinct antimalarial drug classes. PLoS One. 2013;8:e82962.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"409_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.086736","volume":"315","author":"M Pierdominici","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pierdominici M, Giammarioli AM, Gambardella L, De Felice M, Quinti I, Iacobini M, et al. Pyrimethamine (2,4-diamino-5-p-chlorophenyl-6-ethylpyrimidine) induces apoptosis of freshly isolated human T lymphocytes, bypassing CD95\/Fas molecule but involving its intrinsic pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;315:1046\u201357.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"409_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-14-S4-244","volume":"14","author":"U Kastenbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kastenbauer U, Wolf E, Kollan C, Hamouda O, Bogner JR, ClinSurv Study Group. Impaired CD4-cell immune reconstitution upon HIV therapy in patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis compared to patients with pneumocystis pneumonia as AIDS indicating disease. Eur J Med Res. 2009;14:244\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"409_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.04.019","volume":"20","author":"HS Rehan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rehan HS, Chopra D, Kakkar AK. Physician\u2019s guide to pharmacovigilance: terminology and causality assessment. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"409_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2010.09.004","volume":"102","author":"JT Clarke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clarke JT, Mahuran DJ, Sathe S, Kolodny EH, Rigat BA, Raiman JA, et al. An open-label Phase I\/II clinical trial of pyrimethamine for the treatment of patients affected with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff variants). Mol Genet Metab. 2011;102:6\u201312.","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"409_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12206","volume":"115","author":"MZ Khan Assir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khan Assir MZ, Ahmad HI, Akram J, Yusuf NW, Kamran U. An outbreak of pyrimethamine toxicity in patients with ischaemic heart disease in Pakistan. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;115:291\u20136.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"409_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Imran M, Shafi H, Mahmood Z, Sarwar M, Usman HF, Tahir MA, Ashiq MZ. Fatal intoxications due to administration of isosorbide tablets contaminated with Pyrimethamine. J Forensic Sci. 2016. doi: 10.1111\/1556-4029.13125 .","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13125"},{"key":"409_CR24","first-page":"373","volume":"15","author":"R W\u00fcrth","year":"2015","unstructured":"W\u00fcrth R, Thellung S, Bajetto A, Mazzanti M, Florio T, Barbieri F. Drug-repositioning opportunities for cancer therapy: novel molecular targets for known compounds. Drug Discov Today. 2015;15:373\u20136.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"409_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.03.028","volume":"149","author":"CN Kundu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kundu CN, Das S, Nayak A, Satapathy SR, Das D, Siddharth S. Anti-malarials are anti-cancers and vice versa - One arrow two sparrows. Acta Trop. 2015;149:113\u201327.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"409_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1039\/p19870002217","volume":"1","author":"EA Bliss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bliss EA, Griffin RJ, Stevens MFG. Structural studies on bio-active compounds. Part 5. Synthesis and properties of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors bearing lipophilic azido groups. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans. 1987;1:2217\u201328.","journal-title":"J Chem Soc Perkin Trans"},{"key":"409_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00131a009","volume":"32","author":"RJ Griffin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Griffin RJ, Meek MA, Schwalbe CH, Stevens MFG. Structural studies on bioactive compounds. 8. Synthesis, crystal structure, and biological properties of a new series of 2,4-diamino-5-aryl-6-ethylpyrimidine dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors with in vivo activity against a methotrexate-resistant tumor cell line. J Med Chem. 1989;32:2468\u201374.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"409_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3763","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01152a060","volume":"73","author":"PB Russell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Russell PB, Hitchings GH. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as antimalarials. III. 5-Aryl derivatives. J Am Chem Soc. 1951;73:3763.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"409_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21028","volume":"8","author":"LL Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan LL, Shen D, Wilkinson AR, Patton W, Lai N, Chan E, et al. A novel image-based cytometry method for autophagy detection in living cells. Autophagy. 2012;8:1371\u201382.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"409_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690802","volume":"81","author":"M Brada","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brada M, Judson I, Beale P, Moore S, Reidenberg P, Statkevich P, et al. Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of temozolomide (SCH 52365) for refractory or relapsing malignancies. Br J Cancer. 1999;81:1022\u201330.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"409_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-999-0114-5","volume":"35","author":"M Chow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chow M, Rubin H. Quantitative aspects of the selective killing of transformed cells by methotrexate in the presence of leucovorin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1999;35:394\u2013402.","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"409_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.7","volume":"31","author":"JS Long","year":"2012","unstructured":"Long JS, Ryan KM. New frontiers in promoting tumor cell death: targeting apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. Oncogene. 2012;31:5045\u201360.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"409_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26420","volume":"131","author":"AM Giammarioli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giammarioli AM, Gambardella L, Barbati C, Pietraforte D, Tinari A, Alberton M, et al. Differential effects of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the activity of pro-apoptotic agents in metastatic melanoma cells, and induction of a cytoprotective autophagic response. Int J Cancer. 2012;131:E337\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"409_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19496","volume":"8","author":"DJ Klionsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy. 2012;8:445\u2013544.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"409_CR35","first-page":"91","volume":"42","author":"YR Freund","year":"1998","unstructured":"Freund YR, Riccio ES, Phillips SJ, Dousman L, MacGregor JT. Pyrimethamine impairs host resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes in BALB\/c mice. Toxicol Sci. 1998;42:91\u20138.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"409_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28199","volume":"133","author":"C Dai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dai C, Zhang B, Liu X, Guo K, Ma S, Cai F. Pyrimethamine sensitizes pituitary adenomas cells to temozolomide through cathepsin B-dependent and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Int J Cancer. 2013;133:1982\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"409_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.7.1623","volume":"40","author":"H Klinker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Klinker H, Langmann P, Richter E. Plasma pyrimethamine concentrations during long-term treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:1623\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"409_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2372","volume":"17","author":"XH Ma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma XH, Piao S, Wang D, McAfee QW, Nathanson KL, Lum JJ. Measurements of tumor cell autophagy predict invasiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and survival in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:3478\u201389.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.9224","volume":"10","author":"JS Shim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shim JS, Liu JO. Recent advances in drug repositioning for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Int J Biol Sci. 2014;10:654\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"409_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1953.2.1000","volume":"2","author":"AV Myatt","year":"1953","unstructured":"Myatt AV, Coatney GR, Hernandez T, Burton HW. A further study of the toxicity of pyrimethamine (Daraprim) in man. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1953;2:1000\u20131.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"409_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-30-87","volume":"30","author":"RS Wong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong RS. Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011;30:87\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"409_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.5.999","volume":"153","author":"L Foghsgaard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Foghsgaard L, Wissing D, Mauch D, Lademann U, Bastholm L, Boes M. Cathepsin B acts as a dominant execution protease in tumor cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor. J Cell Biol. 2001;153:999\u20131010.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"409_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28960","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705671200","volume":"282","author":"NW Werneburg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werneburg NW, Guicciardi ME, Bronk SF, Kaufmann SH, Gores GJ. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand activates a lysosomal pathway of apoptosis that is regulated by Bcl-2 proteins. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:28960\u201370.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"409_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1560-y","volume":"15","author":"V Yadav","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yadav V, Varshney P, Sultana S, Yadav J, Saini N. Moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin induces S-phase arrest and augments apoptotic effects of cisplatin in human pancreatic cancer cells via ERK activation. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:581\u201396.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"409_CR45","first-page":"30025","volume":"S1572-1000","author":"H Tahmasebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tahmasebi H, Khoshgard K, Sazgarnia A, Mostafaie A, Eivazi MT. Enhancing the efficiency of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy using 5-fluorouracil on human melanoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015;S1572-1000:30025\u201329.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"409_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2013.05.008","volume":"23","author":"F Pietrocola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pietrocola F, Izzo V, Niso-Santano M, Vacchelli E, Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC. Regulation of autophagy by stress-responsive transcription factors. Semin Cancer Biol. 2013;23:310\u201322.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"409_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.FOCUS14504","volume":"37","author":"EB Golden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golden EB, Cho HY, Jahanian A, Hofman FM, Louie SG, Sch\u00f6nthal AH. Chloroquine enhances temozolomide cytotoxicity in malignant gliomas by blocking autophagy. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37:E12.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"409_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.07.028","volume":"35","author":"X Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zeng X, Liang X, Yang Y, Li X, Chen H. The chemotherapeutic potential of PEG-b-PLGA copolymer micelles that combine chloroquine as autophagy inhibitor and docetaxel as an anti-cancer drug. Biomaterials. 2014;35:9144\u201354.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13046-016-0409-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T20:40:50Z","timestamp":1657226450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jeccr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13046-016-0409-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-016-0409-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-9966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-9966","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"article-number":"137"}}