{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T14:41:46Z","timestamp":1769697706676,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Clin Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thymic malignancies are a heterogeneous group of rare cancers for which systemic chemotherapy is the standard treatment in the setting of advanced, recurrent or refractory diseases. Both environmental and genetic risk factors have not been fully clarified and few target-specific drugs have been developed for thymic epithelial tumors. A major challenge in studying thymic epithelial tumors is the lack of preclinical models for translational studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Starting from bioptic material of two consecutive recurrences of the same patient, we generated two patient-derived xenografts. The patient-derived xenografts models were characterized for histology by immunohistochemistry and mutations using next-generation sequencing. When compared to the original tumors resected from the patient, the two patient-derived xenografts had preserved morphology after the stain with hematoxylin and eosin, although there was a moderate degree of de-differentiation. From a molecular point of view, the two patient-derived xenografts maintained 74.3 and 61.8% of the mutations present in the human tumor of origin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Short conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The newly generated patient-derived xenografts recapitulate both the molecular characteristics and the evolution of the thymoma it derives from well, allowing to address open questions for this rare cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T06:02:52Z","timestamp":1670997772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolation and characterization of two newly established thymoma PDXs from two relapses of the same patient: a new tool to investigate thymic malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mendogni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Affatato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Cabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Chiappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloriana","family":"Ndembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Del Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Fratelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Pardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Petrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8138-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Broggini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Marabese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S260","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f62d","volume":"5","author":"EA Engels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engels EA. Epidemiology of Thymoma and associated malignancies. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5:S260\u20135.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.005","volume":"16","author":"M Tsao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsao M. The new WHO classification of lung tumors. J Thorac Oncol. 2021;16:S63\u20133.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu527","volume":"26","author":"D Serpico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serpico D, Trama A, Haspinger ER, Agustoni F, Botta L, Berardi R, et al. Available evidence and new biological perspectives on medical treatment of advanced thymic epithelial tumors. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:838\u201347.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000355","volume":"29","author":"N Girard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Girard N, Merveilleux du Vignaux C. Systemic treatment for thymic malignancies. Curr Opin Oncol. 2017;29:112\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"2554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03068-8","volume":"478","author":"A Marx","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marx A, Belharazem D, Lee DH, Popovic ZV, Reissfelder C, Schalke B, et al. Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Virchows Arch. 2021;478:101\u201310.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"2554_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.140","volume":"17","author":"AT Byrne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Byrne AT, Alferez DG, Amant F, Annibali D, Arribas J, Biankin AV, et al. Interrogating open issues in cancer precision medicine with patient-derived xenografts. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17:254\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li H. Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM. arXiv. 2013:13033997v2.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1303.3997.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1303.3997"},{"key":"2554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2353-5","volume":"19","author":"RJC Kluin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kluin RJC, Kemper K, Kuilman T, de Ruiter JR, Iyer V, Forment JV, et al. XenofilteR: computational deconvolution of mouse and human reads in tumor xenograft sequence data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2018;19:366.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benjamin D, Sato T, Cibulskis K, Getz G, Stewart C, Lichtenstein L. Calling somatic SNVs and indels with Mutect2. bioRxiv 861054. 2019.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/861054.","DOI":"10.1101\/861054"},{"key":"2554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq603","volume":"38","author":"K Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang K, Li M, Hakonarson H. ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:e164.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental &amp; Clinical Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T06:07:33Z","timestamp":1670998053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jeccr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13046-022-02554-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-9966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-9966","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The tissue collection and clinical information of the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (Ref. no. 1529-27\/07\/2018) and the patient gave written informed consent to the storage and use of tumor samples for research. In every case of surgery, the possibility of collecting a sample for the scientific purposes of the present study was carefully evaluated following the absolute priority of the disease diagnosis, with the \u201cleft-over tissue\u201d principle.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"343"}}