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These muscles atrophy in older adults and therefore this population, which is at high risk to falling, may benefit from strengthening these muscles in order to improve or retain their gait performance. Therefore, the aim was to provide insight in the evidence for the effect of interventions anticipated to improve PIFM strength on dynamic balance control and foot function during gait in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed in five electronic databases. The eligibility of peer\u2010reviewed papers, published between January 1, 2010 and July 8, 2020, reporting controlled trials and pre\u2010post interventional studies was assessed by two reviewers independently. Results from moderate\u2010 and high\u2010quality studies were extracted for data synthesis by summarizing the standardized mean differences (SMD). The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening of 9199 records resulted in the inclusion of 11 articles of which five were included for data synthesis. Included studies were mainly performed in younger populations. Low\u2010certainty evidence revealed the beneficial effect of PIFM strengthening exercises on vertical ground reaction force (SMD: \u2212\u20090.31\u20100.37). Very low\u2010certainty evidence showed that PIFM strength training improved the performance on dynamic balance testing (SMD: 0.41\u20131.43). There was no evidence for the effect of PIFM strengthening exercises on medial longitudinal foot arch kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review revealed at best low\u2010certainty evidence that PIFM strengthening exercises improve foot function during gait and very low\u2010certainty evidence for its favorable effect on dynamic balance control. There is a need for high\u2010quality studies that aim to investigate the effect of functional PIFM strengthening exercises in large samples of older adults. The outcome measures should be related to both fall risk and the role of the PIFMs such as propulsive forces and balance during locomotion in addition to PIFM strength measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-021-00509-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T06:05:07Z","timestamp":1642658707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The effect of interventions anticipated to improve plantar intrinsic foot muscle strength on fall\u2010related dynamic function in adults: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9947-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Willemse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Tilburg University PO Box 90153 5000\u00a0LE Tilburg The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Health Innovations and Technology Fontys University of Applied Sciences PO Box 347 5600 AA Eindhoven The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven Tervuursevest 101 \u2010 box 1500 3001 Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline J. 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