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Obesity is a risk factor for foot conditions; both mechanical load and metabolic effects may contribute to these conditions. This study determined cross\u2010sectional associations between inflammatory markers and foot disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were drawn from the Framingham Foot Study (2002\u20132008). C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were each examined for associations with foot pain, forefoot pain, hindfoot pain, hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, and toe deformities (claw, hammer, or overlapping toes). Unadjusted and adjusted (age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status) sex\u2010specific logistic regression was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 909 participants, 54% were women (mean age 65 <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jfa2bf01473-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:17571146:media:jfa2bf01473:jfa2bf01473-math-0001\"\/> 9 years), 20% had foot pain, 29% had hallux valgus, 3% had hallux rigidus, and 27% had toe deformities. In unadjusted models, higher CRP (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.5 [1.1, 2.0]) and IL\u20106 (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.8 [1.2, 2.6]) were associated with foot pain among men; higher CRP was associated with foot pain (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.3 [1.0, 1.5]) among women. Higher CRP (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.9 [1.1, 3.2]) and IL\u20106 (OR [95% CI]\u2009=\u20092.4 [1.2, 4.7]) were associated with forefoot pain in men. Higher CRP was associated with hindfoot pain ([95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.8 [1.2, 2.6]) in women. After adjustment, CRP ([95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.5 [1.1, 2.0]) and IL\u20106 ([95% CI]\u2009=\u20091.8 [1.2, 2.6]) remained associated with foot pain in men, and IL\u20106 with forefoot pain ([95% CI]\u2009=\u20092.9 [1.4, 6.1]) in men. No associations with structural foot disorders were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammation may impact foot pain. Future work assessing whether inflammation is part of the mechanism linking obesity to foot pain may identify areas for intervention and prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-022-00565-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T06:03:38Z","timestamp":1659938618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Foot pain and inflammatory markers: a cross sectional study in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8379-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna C.","family":"Siefkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 02115 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa B.","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"Golightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Thurston Arthritis Research Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hylton B.","family":"Menz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hillstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian T.","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 02115 Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.1995.tb06092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047\u2010017\u20100214\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.106930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20109\u2010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306\u2010019\u20101553\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Internal Medicine Certification Reference Ranges| ABIM.org. 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