{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:12:42Z","timestamp":1789564362073,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Achilles tendinopathy (AT) may affect ground reaction force (GRF) and muscle synergy (MS) during walking due to pain, biological integrity changes in the tendon and neuroplastic adaptations. The objective of this study was to compare GRF asymmetries and MS attributes between symptomatic and asymptomatic lower limbs (LL) during walking at natural and fast speeds in adults with unilateral AT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convenience sample consisting of twenty\u2010eight participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at natural (1.3\u2009m\/s) and fast (1.6\u2009m\/s) speeds. Peak GRF were measured in mediolateral, anteroposterior and vertical directions. Individualized electromyography (EMG) activation profiles were time\u2010 and amplitude\u2010normalized for three consecutive gait cycles and MS were extracted using non\u2010negative matrix factorization algorithms. MS were characterized by the number, composition (i.e., weighting of each muscle) and temporal profiles (i.e., duration and amplitude) of the MS extracted during walking. Paired Student's t\u2010tests assessed peak GRF and MS muscle weighting differences between sides whereas Pearson correlation coefficients characterized the similarities of the individualized EMG and MS activation temporal profiles within sides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AT had limited effects on peak GRF asymmetries and the number, composition and temporal profiles of MS between symptomatic and asymptomatic LL while walking on a level treadmill at natural and fast speeds. In most participants, four MS with a specific set of predominantly activated muscles were extracted across natural (71 and 61%) and fast (54 and 50%) walking speeds for the symptomatic and asymptomatic side respectively. Individualized EMG activation profiles were relatively similar between sides (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.970 to 0.999). As for MS attributes, relatively similar temporal activation profiles (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.988 to 0.998) and muscle weightings (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.05) were found between sides for all four MS and the most solicited muscles. Although the faster walking speed increased the number of merged MS for both sides, it did not significantly alter MS symmetry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faster walking speed increased peak GRF values but had limited effects on GRF symmetries and MS attribute differences between the LL. Corticospinal neuroplastic adaptations associated with chronic unilateral AT may explain the preserved quasi\u2010symmetric LL motor control strategy observed during natural and fast walking among adults with chronic unilateral AT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-022-00570-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T02:10:43Z","timestamp":1662516643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unilateral symptomatic Achilles tendinopathy has limited effects on bilateral lower limb ground reaction force asymmetries and muscular synergy attributes when walking at natural and fast speeds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Lalumiere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Rehabilitation Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al P.O. 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Box 6128 Station Centre\u2010Ville H3C 3J7 Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Goyette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR) Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Perrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Rehabilitation Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al P.O. Box 6128 Station Centre\u2010Ville H3C 3J7 Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Desmeules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Rehabilitation Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al P.O. 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Participants reviewed and signed an informed consent form before entering the study. For all participant-related information and data (including ultrasound images), all direct personal identifiers were replaced with a project-specific code for the purposes of protecting their identity. However, the original identifiers were retained in such a way that they could be traced back to the source if needed only by the corresponding author.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All subjects and authors have provided consent for this publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}