{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T03:56:17Z","timestamp":1794542177247,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82460974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Fund Project of the Education Department of Yunnan Province","award":["2024J0517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J0517"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund Project of the Education Department of Yunnan Province","award":["2025Y0619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Y0619"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Basic Research Program of the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province","award":["202501AS070140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AS070140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ovarian Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T01:44:46Z","timestamp":1764035086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Glycolysis in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathogenesis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Liwei","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.04.008","volume":"182","author":"S Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel S. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an inflammatory, systemic, lifestyle endocrinopathy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;182:27\u201336.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1908_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02625-7","volume":"39","author":"S Siddiqui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqui S, Mateen S, Ahmad R, Moin S. A brief insight into the etiology, genetics, and immunology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(11):2439\u201373.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"1908_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00078","volume":"3","author":"SF Witchel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witchel SF, Oberfield SE, Pe\u00f1a AS. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and treatment with emphasis on adolescent girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(8):1545\u201373.","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535737","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2025.2535737","volume":"41","author":"B Ning","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ning B, Zhang M, Su N, Bur R, Ma H, Liu K, et al. Global, regional, and National burden of polycystic ovary syndrome, 1990\u20132021: a comprehensive analysis of trends and projections based on the global burden of disease 2021 study. Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol. 2025;41(1):2535737.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13867","volume":"45","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Banno K, Kunitomi H, Takahashi T, Takeda T, Nakamura K, et al. Warburg effect in gynecologic cancers. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(3):542\u20138.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-013-0486-9","volume":"28","author":"M Akram","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akram M. Mini-review on Glycolysis and cancer. J Cancer Education: Official J Am Association Cancer Educ. 2013;28(3):454\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cancer Education: Official J Am Association Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22881-3","volume":"25","author":"WZ Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang WZ, Cai QY, Huang KJ, Xu WZ, Li JZ, Pan YR, et al. The global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer from 1990 to 2021. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):1774.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae527","volume":"110","author":"L Pace","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pace L, Markovic D, Buyalos R, Bril F, Azziz R. Economic burden of endometrial cancer associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;110(1):e168\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1908_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578470","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1578470","volume":"16","author":"D Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu D, Zhang Y, Wu C, An B, Wang X, Ni J, et al. The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancers: neurotransmitter metabolism changes and immune regulation. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1578470.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1908_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf160","author":"DA Dumesic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dumesic DA, Crespi BJ, Padmanabhan V, Abbott DH. The endocrinological basis for polycystic ovary syndrome: an evolutionary perspective. Endocrinology. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf160.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1908_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2540818","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.40818","volume":"8","author":"N Kugelman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kugelman N, Morris DV, Bastrash MP, Feinberg T, Miconiatis S, Rehany J, et al. Polycystic ovarian morphology and chronic morbidity and mortality in PCOS. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(10):e2540818.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1908_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139468","volume":"297","author":"M Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li M, Cui Y, Wu X, Yang X, Huang C, Yu L, et al. Integrating network Pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of quercetin\u2019s action through AKT Inhibition in co-expressed genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;297:139468.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03029166","volume":"15","author":"G Bacci","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bacci G, Capanna R, Orlandi M, Mancini I, Bettelli G, Dallari D, et al. Prognostic significance of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone. La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio. 1985;15(1):89\u201396.","journal-title":"La Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio"},{"issue":"6","key":"1908_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278810","volume":"599","author":"P Vaupel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaupel P, Multhoff G. Revisiting the Warburg effect: historical dogma versus current Understanding. J Physiol. 2021;599(6):1745\u201357.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1908_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838204","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.838204","volume":"13","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Liang A, Li T, Lei X, Chen X, Liao B, et al. Mogroside V improves follicular development and ovulation in Young-Adult PCOS rats induced by letrozole and High-Fat diet through promoting Glycolysis. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:838204.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1908_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23263","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301230R","volume":"37","author":"R Gou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gou R, Zhang X, Glycolysis. A fork in the path of normal and pathological pregnancy. FASEB Journal: Official Publication Federation Am Soc Experimental Biology. 2023;37(12):e23263.","journal-title":"FASEB Journal: Official Publication Federation Am Soc Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1908_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.039","volume":"87","author":"E Hollinrake","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hollinrake E, Abreu A, Maifeld M, Van Voorhis BJ, Dokras A. Increased risk of depressive disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(6):1369\u201376.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1908_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103058","volume":"61","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Sun C, Zou K, Li C, Chen X, Gu H, et al. Novel PGK1 determines SKP2-dependent AR stability and reprograms granular cell glucose metabolism facilitating ovulation dysfunction. EBioMedicine. 2020;61:103058.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0305-9","volume":"14","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Pavlou S, Du X, Bhuckory M, Xu H, Chen M. Glucose transporter 1 critically controls microglial activation through facilitating Glycolysis. Mol Neurodegeneration. 2019;14(1):2.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegeneration"},{"issue":"2","key":"1908_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2022.2125855","volume":"69","author":"P Huo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huo P, Li M, Le J, Zhu C, Yao J, Zhang S. Resveratrol improves follicular development of PCOS rats via regulating Glycolysis pathway and targeting SIRT1. Syst Biology Reproductive Med. 2023;69(2):153\u201365.","journal-title":"Syst Biology Reproductive Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1908_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq181","volume":"25","author":"SE Harris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris SE, Maruthini D, Tang T, Balen AH, Picton HM. Metabolism and karyotype analysis of oocytes from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod (Oxford England). 2010;25(9):2305\u201315.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"issue":"46","key":"1908_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80472","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19058","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu L, Yin TL, Yang J, Xiong CL. Follicular metabolic changes and effects on oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Oncotarget. 2017;8(46):80472\u201380.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"1908_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02676-w","volume":"40","author":"S Mazloomi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mazloomi S, Farimani MS, Tavilani H, Karimi J, Amiri I, Abbasi E, et al. Granulosa cells from immature follicles exhibit restricted Glycolysis and reduced energy production: a dominant problem in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2023;40(2):343\u201359.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.31425","volume":"15","author":"T Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhang J, Hu M, Zhang Y, Cui P, Li X, et al. Differential expression patterns of glycolytic enzymes and Mitochondria-Dependent apoptosis in PCOS patients with endometrial Hyperplasia, an early hallmark of endometrial Cancer, in vivo and the impact of Metformin in vitro. Int J Biol Sci. 2019;15(3):714\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01204-3","volume":"16","author":"YK Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao YK, Gao YN, Wang LC, Wang J, Wang GJ, Wu HL. Correlation between abnormal energy metabolism of ovarian granulosa cells and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):145.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"1908_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2023.106410","volume":"235","author":"R Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu R, Dai F, Xiang C, Chen J, Yang D, Tan W, et al. BMP4 participates in the pathogenesis of PCOS by regulating glucose metabolism and autophagy in granulosa cells under hyperandrogenic environment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2023;235:106410.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1908_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101235","author":"B Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao B, Fan L, Liu M, Wu H, Zhang Y, Shen Q, et al. Androgen-induced lactic acid accumulation contributes to the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome mice. Antioxidants. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox14101235.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1908_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001484","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1001484","volume":"13","author":"L Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing L, Xu J, Wei Y, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Tang W, et al. Depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: focusing on pathogenesis and treatment. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1001484.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa219","volume":"104","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Huang L, Brayboy L. Macrophages: an indispensable piece of ovarian health. Biol Reprod. 2021;104(3):527\u201338.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"1908_CR30","first-page":"120","volume":"8","author":"YH Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang YH, He M, Wang Y, Liao AH. Modulators of the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages during pregnancy. Front Immunol. 2017;8:120.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1908_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","volume":"233","author":"A Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, Taghadosi M, Esmaeili SA, Mardani F, et al. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(9):6425\u201340.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1908_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13854","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13854","volume":"91","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Hong L, Diao L, Yin T, Liu S. Hyperandrogenic environment regulates the function of ovarian granulosa cells by modulating macrophage polarization in PCOS. Am J Reproductive Immunol (New York NY: 1989). 2024;91(5):e13854.","journal-title":"Am J Reproductive Immunol (New York NY: 1989)"},{"key":"1908_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130138","volume":"6","author":"JI Odegaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Alternative macrophage activation and metabolism. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:275\u201397.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"1908_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610713","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1610713","volume":"16","author":"H Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma H, Qi D, Xu Y, Shang T, Si Y, Chen W, et al. PLK2 as a key regulator of Glycolysis and immune dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1610713.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1908_CR35","first-page":"111","volume-title":"A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS","author":"AO Awonuga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awonuga AO, Camp OG, Abu-Soud HM. A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS. Volume 21. Reproductive biology and endocrinology: RB&E; 2023. p. 111. 1."},{"key":"1908_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.04.014","volume":"170","author":"OA Peralta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peralta OA, Bucher D, Angulo C, Castro MA, Ratto MH, Concha I. Tissue localization of GM-CSF receptor in bovine ovarian follicles and its role on glucose uptake by mural granulosa cells. Anim Reprod Sci. 2016;170:157\u201369.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1908_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20407","volume":"73","author":"JR Herrick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herrick JR, Lane M, Gardner DK, Behboodi E, Memili E, Blash S, et al. Metabolism, protein content, and in vitro embryonic development of goat cumulus-oocyte complexes matured with physiological concentrations of glucose and L-lactate. Mol Reprod Dev. 2006;73(2):256\u201366.","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0949-y","volume":"53","author":"S Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao S, Xu H, Cui Y, Wang W, Qin Y, You L, et al. Metabolic actions of insulin in ovarian granulosa cells were unaffected by hyperandrogenism. Endocrine. 2016;53(3):823\u201330.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"8","key":"1908_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136609","volume":"2","author":"CR Harlow","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harlow CR, Winston RM, Margara RA, Hillier SG. Gonadotrophic control of human granulosa cell Glycolysis. Hum Reprod (Oxford England). 1987;2(8):649\u201353.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"key":"1908_CR40","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Combined use of Diane-35 and Metformin improves the ovulation in the PCOS rat model possibly via regulating Glycolysis pathway","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Tu H, Yao J, Le J, Jiang Z, Tang Q, et al. Combined use of Diane-35 and Metformin improves the ovulation in the PCOS rat model possibly via regulating Glycolysis pathway. Volume 18. Reproductive biology and endocrinology: RB&E; 2020. p. 58. 1."},{"issue":"24","key":"1908_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100457","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100457","volume":"65","author":"A Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang A, Huang L, Liu H, He W, Lei X, Li M, et al. Resveratrol improves follicular development of PCOS rats by regulating the glycolytic pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021;65(24):e2100457.","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"1908_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003127","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng Z, Shan H, Lin M, Bao S, Mo D, Deng F, et al. SIRT3 protects endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Chin Med J. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003127.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"40","key":"1908_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12417","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012417","volume":"97","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang M, Xia W, Li H, Liu F, Li Y, Sun X, et al. Normal pregnancy induced glucose metabolic stress in a longitudinal cohort of healthy women: novel insights generated from a urine metabolomics study. Medicine. 2018;97(40):e12417.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1908_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64849-3","volume":"157","author":"E Jauniaux","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jauniaux E, Watson AL, Hempstock J, Bao YP, Skepper JN, Burton GJ. Onset of maternal arterial blood flow and placental oxidative stress. A possible factor in human early pregnancy failure. Am J Pathol. 2000;157(6):2111\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1908_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189675","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. The impact of hypoxia in early pregnancy on placental cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22189675.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"32","key":"1908_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i32.4600","volume":"28","author":"L Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou L, Zhao Y, Pan LC, Wang J, Shi XJ, Du GS, et al. Sirolimus increases the anti-cancer effect of Huai Er by regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1-mediated Glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(32):4600\u201319.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.051557","volume":"75","author":"F Ietta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ietta F, Wu Y, Winter J, Xu J, Wang J, Post M, et al. Dynamic HIF1A regulation during human placental development. Biol Reprod. 2006;75(1):112\u201321.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR48","first-page":"414","volume":"17","author":"D Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao D, Qu Q, Dai H, Liu Y, Jiang L, Huang X, et al. Effects of hypoxia\u2013inducible factor\u20131\u03b1 on endometrial receptivity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(1):414\u201321.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05362-5","volume":"81","author":"L Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong L, Xiao S, Diao L, Lian R, Chen C, Zeng Y, et al. Decreased AMPK\/SIRT1\/PDK4 induced by androgen excess inhibits human endometrial stromal cell decidualization in PCOS. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;81(1):324.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2018.04.008","volume":"53","author":"RK Meier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meier RK. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nurs Clin N Am. 2018;53(3):407\u201320.","journal-title":"Nurs Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq032","volume":"17","author":"J Qiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qiao J, Feng HL. Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(1):17\u201333.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi036","volume":"12","author":"EM Heijnen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, Laven JS, Macklon NS, Fauser BC. A meta-analysis of outcomes of conventional IVF in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12(1):13\u201321.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"1908_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1399699","volume":"33","author":"EV Vartanyan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vartanyan EV, Tsaturova KA, Devyatova EA, Mikhaylyukova AS, Levin VA, Petuhova NL, et al. Improvement in quality of oocytes in polycystic ovarian syndrome in programs of in vitro fertilization. Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(sup1):8\u201311.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1908_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-017-0575-y","volume":"12","author":"Q Lai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lai Q, Xiang W, Li Q, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhu G, et al. Oxidative stress in granulosa cells contributes to poor oocyte quality and IVF-ET outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers of medicine. 2018;12(5):518\u201324.","journal-title":"Frontiers of medicine"},{"key":"1908_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111429","volume":"208","author":"M Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang M, Huang M, Li X, Liu S, Fu L, Jiang X, et al. Bisphenol A induces apoptosis through GPER-dependent activation of the ROS\/Ca(2+)-ASK1-JNK pathway in human granulosa cell line KGN. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;208:111429.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"1908_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101431","volume":"30","author":"X Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin X, Dai Y, Tong X, Xu W, Huang Q, Jin X, et al. Excessive oxidative stress in cumulus granulosa cells induced cell senescence contributes to endometriosis-associated infertility. Redox Biol. 2020;30:101431.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"1908_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.07.049","volume":"103","author":"K Kansaku","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kansaku K, Itami N, Kawahara-Miki R, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Differential effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on Porcine granulosa cells and oocytes. Theriogenology. 2017;103:98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1908_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.05.007","volume":"17","author":"JL Tilly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tilly JL, Sinclair DA. Germline energetics, aging, and female infertility. Cell Metabol. 2013;17(6):838\u201350.","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1908_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064955","volume":"8","author":"F Simsek-Duran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simsek-Duran F, Li F, Ford W, Swanson RJ, Jones HW Jr., Castora FJ. Age-associated metabolic and morphologic changes in mitochondria of individual mouse and hamster oocytes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e64955.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"1908_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.01.020","volume":"81","author":"BP Rambags","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rambags BP, van Boxtel DC, Tharasanit T, Lenstra JA, Colenbrander B, Stout TA. Advancing maternal age predisposes to mitochondrial damage and loss during maturation of equine oocytes in vitro. Theriogenology. 2014;81(7):959\u201365.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"1908_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112031","volume":"142","author":"CZ Pei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pei CZ, Jin L, Baek KH. Pathogenetic analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome from the perspective of omics. Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie. 2021;142:112031.","journal-title":"Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"1908_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648701","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.648701","volume":"12","author":"R Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao R, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Zhao H. Multiomics analysis reveals molecular abnormalities in granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Genet. 2021;12:648701.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00876-6","volume":"20","author":"J Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao J, Huo P, Cui K, Wei H, Cao J, Wang J, et al. Follicular fluid-derived Exosomal miR-143-3p\/miR-155-5p regulate follicular dysplasia by modulating Glycolysis in granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome. Cell Communication Signaling: CCS. 2022;20(1):61.","journal-title":"Cell Communication Signaling: CCS"},{"issue":"6","key":"1908_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac067","volume":"37","author":"P Froment","year":"2022","unstructured":"Froment P, Plotton I, Giulivi C, Fabre S, Khoueiry R, Mourad NI, et al. At the crossroads of fertility and metabolism: the importance of AMPK-dependent signaling in female infertility associated with hyperandrogenism. Hum Reprod (Oxford England). 2022;37(6):1207\u201328.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04541-1","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang Z, Zheng N, Yuan F, Li B, et al. Enhanced Glycolysis in granulosa cells promotes the activation of primordial follicles through mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(1):87.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1908_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204201882211131","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188221113140","volume":"13","author":"T McDonnell","year":"2022","unstructured":"McDonnell T, Cussen L, McIlroy M, O\u2019Reilly MW. Characterizing skeletal muscle dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therapeutic Adv Endocrinol Metabolism. 2022;13:20420188221113140.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"issue":"9389","key":"1908_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14410-8","volume":"362","author":"LJ Webber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Webber LJ, Stubbs S, Stark J, Trew GH, Margara R, Hardy K, et al. Formation and early development of follicles in the polycystic ovary. Lancet. 2003;362(9389):1017\u201321.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1908_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152149","volume":"775","author":"R Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu R, Yang L, Li Y. TXNIP participates in the pathogenesis of PCOS by regulating Glycolysis in granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025;775:152149.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01542-w","volume":"17","author":"X Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui X, Lei X, Huang T, Mao X, Shen Z, Yang X, et al. Follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles miR-34a-5p regulates granulosa cell Glycolysis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting LDHA. J Ovarian Res. 2024;17(1):223.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"1908_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112666","volume":"611","author":"L Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han L, Miao H, Li N, Miao C. IGF2BP2\/ISG15\/c-Myc axis promotes the excessive proliferation of granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2025;611:112666.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01207-7","volume":"18","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Xing C, Zhang J, He B. Comparative efficacy of oral insulin sensitizers metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositol, and Berberine in improving endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS: a network meta-analysis. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):171.","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1908_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu187","volume":"29","author":"D Maruthini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maruthini D, Harris SE, Barth JH, Balen AH, Campbell BK, Picton HM. The effect of Metformin treatment in vivo on acute and long-term energy metabolism and progesterone production in vitro by granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod (Oxford England). 2014;29(10):2302\u201316.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxford England)"},{"key":"1908_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395698","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1395698","volume":"11","author":"R Hoenders","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoenders R, Ghelman R, Portella C, Simmons S, Locke A, Cramer H, et al. A review of the WHO strategy on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine from the perspective of academic consortia for integrative medicine and health. Front Med. 2024;11:1395698.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1908_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2016.1236078","volume":"33","author":"F Fruzzetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fruzzetti F, Perini D, Russo M, Bucci F, Gadducci A. Comparison of two insulin sensitizers, Metformin and myo-inositol, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(1):39\u201342.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinology: Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1908_CR75","first-page":"135","volume":"11","author":"M Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu M, Zhang Y, Egecioglu E, Li X, Shao LR, Billig H. Uterine glycolytic enzyme expression is affected by knockout of different Estrogen receptor subtypes. Biomedical Rep. 2019;11(4):135\u201344.","journal-title":"Biomedical Rep"},{"key":"1908_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li X. Study on the target intervention of acupuncture in phlegm-dampness syndrome of PCOS based on metabolomics. Master thesis. Shandong University of Chinese Medicine. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27282\/d.cnki.gsdzu.2019.000438.","DOI":"10.27282\/d.cnki.gsdzu.2019.000438"},{"issue":"3","key":"1908_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07227-x","volume":"309","author":"R Sparic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sparic R, Andjic M, Vergara D, Morciano A, D\u2019Oria O, Baldini GM, et al. PCOS and vitamin D: a clinical appraisal. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024;309(3):907\u201315.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ovarian Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T02:03:09Z","timestamp":1767060189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-025-01908-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-2215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-2215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"310"}}