{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:08:47Z","timestamp":1788898127749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key research and development Projects of Liaoning Province","award":["No. 2024JH2\/102500027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2024JH2\/102500027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ovarian Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:04:45Z","timestamp":1768878285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prediction of exposure to pollutants and hormones on the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Weiming","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengsen","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00516-3","volume":"29","author":"MC Eiras","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eiras MC, Pinheiro DP, Romcy KAM, Ferriani RA, Reis RMD, Furtado CLM. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the epigenetics behind the disease. Reprod Sci. 2022;29(3):680\u201394.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.11.6148","volume":"84","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, Filandra FA, Tsianateli TC, Spina GG, Zapanti ED, Bartzis MI. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek Island of lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(11):4006\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep399","volume":"25","author":"WA March","year":"2010","unstructured":"March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(2):544\u201351.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"1981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0628","volume":"90","author":"R Azziz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azziz R, Marin C, Hoq L, Badamgarav E, Song P. Health care-related economic burden of the polycystic ovary syndrome during the reproductive life span. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(8):4650\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1981_CR5","first-page":"100494","volume":"25","author":"R Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang R, Li Q, Zhou Z, Qian W, Zhang J, Wu Z, Jin L, Wu X, Zhang C, Zheng B, et al. Changes in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in China over the past decade. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;25:100494.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"1981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00641","volume":"11","author":"D Dewailly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dewailly D, Barbotin AL, Dumont A, Catteau-Jonard S, Robin G. Role of Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:641.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0134-9","volume":"13","author":"A Dumont","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dumont A, Robin G, Catteau-Jonard S, Dewailly D. Role of Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:137.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiam D, Moreno-Asso A, Teede HJ, Laven JSE, Stepto NK, Moran LJ, Gibson-Helm M. The Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Overview of Candidate Gene Systematic Reviews and Genome-Wide Association Studies. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1606.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101606"},{"key":"1981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066899","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1066899","volume":"10","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Cai J, Guo H, Zhao Y, Lin J. Air pollution exposure and pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1066899.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1801405","volume":"42","author":"E Peebles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peebles E, Mahalingaiah S. Environmental exposures and polycystic ovary syndrome: A review. Semin Reprod Med. 2024;42(4):253\u201373.","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"1981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stegehuis N, Kotsirilos V, Parker J. The Impact of Microparticulate Air Pollution in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review. CEOG. 2024\u037e51(10):233.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog5110233"},{"key":"1981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118868","volume":"303","author":"R Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong R, Ren S, Wang X, Yuan J, Yin T, Zhang D, Li Q, Yang J, Sun Z, Liu Y, et al. Cysteine mediates the association of essential trace elements with polycystic ovary syndrome: does ambient particulate matters exposure modify the mediation effect of cysteine. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025;303:118868.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"1981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang YL, Zhou WW, Wu S, Tang WL, Wang ZW, Zhou ZY, et al. Intestinal Flora is a Key Factor in Insulin Resistance and Contributes to the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinology. 2021;162(10):118.","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab118"},{"issue":"11","key":"1981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14957","volume":"103","author":"RL Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao RL, Wang XF, Zhou JP, Wang M, Long R, Jin L, Zhu LX. Causal relationships between gut microbiota and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(11):2232\u201341.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052784","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1052784","volume":"13","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhu X, Hui R, Xing Y, Wang J, Shi S, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Associations of metal exposure with hyperuricemia and gout in general adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1052784.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xuan C, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wu H, Ding T, Gao J. ScBPGRN: integrating single-cell multi-omics data to construct gene regulatory networks based on BP neural network. Comput Biol Med. 2022;151(Pt A):106249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106249"},{"key":"1981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117292","volume":"287","author":"W Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou W, Song Z. Exploring the risk and predictive study of outdoor air pollutants on the incidence and mortality of HIV\/AIDS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024;287:117292.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"7","key":"1981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac082","volume":"37","author":"LME Moolhuijsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moolhuijsen LME, Louwers YV, McLuskey A, Broer L, Uitterlinden AG, Verdiesen RMG, Sisk RK, Dunaif A, Laven JSE, Visser JA. Association between an AMH promoter polymorphism and serum AMH levels in PCOS patients. Hum Reprod. 2022;37(7):1544\u201356.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"1981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad065","volume":"188","author":"TT Piltonen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piltonen TT, Komsi E, Morin-Papunen LC, Korhonen E, Franks S, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Arffman RK, Ollila MM. AMH as part of the diagnostic PCOS workup in large epidemiological studies. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;188(6):547\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf062","volume":"192","author":"E Vale-Fernandes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vale-Fernandes E, Pignatelli D, Monteiro MP. Should anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone be a diagnosis criterion for polycystic ovary syndrome? An in-depth review of pros and cons. Eur J Endocrinol. 2025;192(4):R29\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"1981_CR21","first-page":"107","volume":"49","author":"S Asahara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asahara S, Sato A, Aljonaid AA, Maruo T. Thyroid hormone synergizes with follicle stimulating hormone to inhibit apoptosis in Porcine granulosa cells selectively from small follicles. Kobe J Med Sci. 2003;49(5\u20136):107\u201316.","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"key":"1981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241734","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1241734","volume":"14","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang D, Nan N, Bing H, He B. Controlled Attenuation parameters to assess liver steatosis in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1241734.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-021-00445-8","volume":"19","author":"U Luderer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luderer U, Lim J, Ortiz L, Nguyen JD, Shin JH, Allen BD, Liao LS, Malott K, Perraud V, Wingen LM, et al. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) depletes the ovarian follicle reserve and causes sex-dependent cardiovascular changes in Apolipoprotein E null mice. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2022;19(1):5.","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9082","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10191","volume":"58","author":"E Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang E, Zhang Z, Chen G, Zhang YT, Su S, Gao S, Xie S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yue W, et al. Associations of ambient particulate matter with maternal thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in early pregnancy. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(21):9082\u201390.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"1981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408879","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1408879","volume":"12","author":"E Vale-Fernandes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vale-Fernandes E, Moreira MV, Rodrigues B, Pereira SS, Leal C, Barreiro M, Tom\u00e9 A, Monteiro MP. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone a surrogate of follicular fluid oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome? Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024;12:1408879.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"1981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112536","volume":"602","author":"E Vale-Fernandes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vale-Fernandes E, Carrageta DF, Moreira MV, Guerra-Carvalho B, Rodrigues B, Sousa D, Brand\u00e3o R, Leal C, Barreiro M, Tom\u00e9 A, et al. Follicular fluid profiling unveils anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone alongside glycolytic and mitochondrial dysfunction as markers of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2025;602:112536.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364157","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1364157","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Gao Y, Pei X, Wang W, Wang R, Zhang H. Thyroid function and polycystic ovary syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1364157.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ovarian Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:19:15Z","timestamp":1774527555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01981-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-2215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-2215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies involving humans were approved by The Ethics Committee of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (ID: 2024PS123K). The studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have consented to publication of this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}