{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:58:34Z","timestamp":1774893514458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ovarian Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:15:17Z","timestamp":1769825717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin alone versus dual trigger for oocyte maturation in advanced maternal age using the antagonist protocol: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Isarin","family":"Thanaboonyawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kittidech","family":"Phukittiwarangkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pattraporn","family":"Chera-Aree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pitak","family":"Laokirkkiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-4-918","volume":"71","author":"Y Gonen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gonen Y, Balakier H, Powell W, Casper RF. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to trigger follicular maturation for in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71(4):918\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1993_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115553","volume":"212","author":"L Casati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casati L, Ciceri S, Maggi R, Bottai D. Physiological and Pharmacological overview of the gonadotropin releasing hormone. Biochem Pharmacol. 2023;212:115553.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1993_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8197","volume":"87","author":"BC Fauser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fauser BC, de Jong D, Olivennes F, Wramsby H, Tay C, Itskovitz-Eldor J, et al. Endocrine profiles after triggering of final oocyte maturation with GnRH agonist after cotreatment with the GnRH antagonist Ganirelix during ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(2):709\u201315.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1993_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab065","volume":"36","author":"E Bosch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bosch E, Alviggi C, Lispi M, Conforti A, Hanyaloglu AC, Chuderland D, et al. Reduced FSH and LH action: implications for medically assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(6):1469\u201380.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1993_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turathum B, Gao EM, Chian RC. The function of cumulus cells in oocyte growth and maturation and in subsequent ovulation and fertilization. Cells. 2021;10(9):2292.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092292"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh765","volume":"20","author":"P Humaidan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Humaidan P, Bredkjaer HE, Bungum L, Bungum M, Gr\u00f8ndahl ML, Westergaard L, et al. GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF\/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized study. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(5):1213\u201320.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2015.01.005","volume":"6","author":"MA Youssef","year":"2015","unstructured":"Youssef MA, Abdelmoty HI, Ahmed MA, Elmohamady M. GnRH agonist for final oocyte maturation in GnRH antagonist co-treated IVF\/ICSI treatment cycles: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Res. 2015;6(3):341\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1993_CR8","first-page":"557","volume":"14","author":"A Alyasin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alyasin A, Mehdinejadiani S, Ghasemi M. GnRH agonist trigger versus hCG trigger in GnRH antagonist in IVF\/ICSI cycles: A review Article. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016;14(9):557\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae041","volume":"39","author":"S Gambini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gambini S, Sonigo C, Robin G, Cedrin-Durnerin I, Vinolas C, Sifer C, et al. Risk factors for poor oocyte yield and oocyte immaturity after GnRH agonist triggering. Hum Reprod. 2024;39(5):963\u201373.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"9","key":"1993_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02888-8","volume":"40","author":"LH Hsia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsia LH, Lee TH, Lin YH, Huang YY, Chang HJ, Liu YL. Dual trigger improves the pregnancy rate in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles compared with the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2023;40(9):2063\u201377.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00766-5","volume":"19","author":"KL Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu KL, Wang S, Ye X, Zhang D, Hunt S. GnRH agonist and hCG (dual trigger) versus hCG trigger for follicular maturation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):78.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.2000962","volume":"38","author":"A Sloth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sloth A, Kjolhede M, Sarmon KG, Knudsen UB. Effect of dual trigger on reproductive outcome in low responders: a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2022;38(3):213\u201321.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2021.05.008","volume":"2","author":"RK Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung RK, Mancuso AC, Summers KM, Sparks AE, Duran HE, Mejia RB. Dual trigger protocol is an effective in vitro fertilization strategy in both normal and high responders without compromising pregnancy outcomes in fresh cycles. F&S Rep. 2021;2(3):314\u20139.","journal-title":"F&S Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR14","first-page":"3","volume":"23","author":"AA Vyrides","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vyrides AA, Mahdi EE, Lamnisos D, Giannakou K. Dual trigger with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin of fresh autologous cycles in high responders: A systematic review. J Reprod Infertil. 2022;23(1):3\u201317.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1976","volume":"100","author":"MH Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin MH, Wu FS, Lee RK, Li SH, Lin SY, Hwu YM. Dual trigger with combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin significantly improves the live-birth rate for normal responders in GnRH-antagonist cycles. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(5):1296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa107","volume":"35","author":"J Haas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haas J, Bassil R, Samara N, Zilberberg E, Mehta C, Orvieto R, et al. GnRH agonist and hCG (dual trigger) versus hCG trigger for final follicular maturation: a double-blinded, randomized controlled study. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(7):1648\u201354.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1993_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683210","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.683210","volume":"8","author":"F Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao F, Wang Y, Fu M, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Shen H, et al. Effect of a dual trigger using a GnRH agonist and hCG on the cumulative Live-Birth rate for normal responders in GnRH-Antagonist cycles. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:683210.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1993_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_574_19","volume":"24","author":"AS Gurbuz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gurbuz AS, Deveer R, Gode F. Evaluation of dual trigger with combination of gonadotropin-Releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin in improving Oocyte-Follicle ratio in Normo-Responder patients. Niger J Clin Pract. 2021;24(8):1159\u201363.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2608-2","volume":"42","author":"YM Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren YM, Wang YB, Fu M, Zhang QX, Shen H, Han HJ, et al. Effect of dual trigger in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection during the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone-Antagonist cycle on final oocyte maturation and cumulative live birth rate in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Curr Med Sci. 2022;42(5):1066\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"1993_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.08.014","volume":"289","author":"FF He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He FF, Hu W, Yong L, Li YM. Triggering of ovulation for GnRH-antagonist cycles in normal and low ovarian responders undergoing IVF\/ICSI: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;289:65\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13405","volume":"152","author":"AM Maged","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maged AM, Ragab MA, Shohayeb A, Saber W, Ekladious S, Hussein EA, et al. Comparative study between single versus dual trigger for poor responders in GnRH-antagonist ICSI cycles: A randomized controlled study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;152(3):395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1993_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.09.002","volume":"35","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wang Y, Mao X, Chen Q, Hong Q, Cai R, et al. Dual trigger of final oocyte maturation in poor ovarian responders undergoing IVF\/ICSI cycles. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;35(6):701\u20137.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2021.1945560","volume":"42","author":"I Mutlu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mutlu I, Demirdag E, Cevher F, Erdem A, Erdem M. Dual trigger with the combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and standard dose of human chorionic gonadotropin improves in vitro fertilisation outcomes in poor ovarian responders. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;42(5):1239\u201344.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01211-z","volume":"22","author":"K Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen K, Zhang C, Chen L, Zhao Y, Li H. Reproductive outcomes of dual trigger therapy with GnRH agonist and hCG versus hCG trigger in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a retrospective study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2024;22(1):35.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1993_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloth A, Kjolhede M, Sarmon KG, Knudsen UB. Effect of dual trigger on reproductive outcome in low responders: a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2022;38(3):213\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.2000962"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21696","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100406R","volume":"35","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Guo X, Guo L, Chang HM, Shu J, Leung PCK. Outcomes comparison of IVF\/ICSI among different trigger methods for final oocyte maturation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J. 2021;35(7):e21696.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1993_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfnr.2021.08.003","volume":"2","author":"M Bourdon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bourdon M, Peign\u00e9 M, Solignac C, Darn\u00e9 B, Languille S, Pocate-Cheriet K, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (alone or combined with human chorionic gonadotropin) vs. human chorionic gonadotropin alone for ovulation triggering during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. F&S Reviews. 2021;2(4):353\u201370.","journal-title":"F&S Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.192056","volume":"9","author":"D Krishna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krishna D, Dhoble S, Praneesh G, Rathore S, Upadhaya A, Rao K. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger is a better alternative than human chorionic gonadotropin in PCOS undergoing IVF cycles for an OHSS free clinic: A randomized control trial. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2016;9(3):164\u201372.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1993_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey054","volume":"33","author":"EA Elgindy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elgindy EA, Sibai H, Mostafa MI, Gibreel A, Darwish E, Maghraby H. Towards an optimal luteal support modality in agonist triggered cycles: a randomized clinical trial. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(6):1079\u201386.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1993_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.10.014","volume":"105","author":"TN Vuong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vuong TN, Ho MT, Ha TD, Phung HT, Huynh GB, Humaidan P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger in oocyte donors co-treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist: a dose-finding study. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(2):356\u201363.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"1993_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.183506","volume":"9","author":"N Mahajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahajan N, Sharma S, Arora PR, Gupta S, Rani K, Naidu P. Evaluation of dual trigger with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin in improving oocyte maturity rates: A prospective randomized study. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2016;9(2):101\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101728","volume":"49","author":"SS Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali SS, Elsenosy E, Sayed GH, Farghaly TA, Youssef AA, Badran E, et al. Dual trigger using Recombinant HCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist improve oocyte maturity and embryo grading for normal responders in GnRH antagonist cycles: randomized controlled trial. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2020;49(5):101728.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"1993_CR33","first-page":"203","volume":"6","author":"W Decleer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Decleer W, Osmanagaoglu K, Seynhave B, Kolibianakis S, Tarlatzis B, Devroey P. Comparison of hCG triggering versus hCG in combination with a GnRH agonist: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2014;6(4):203\u20139.","journal-title":"Facts Views Vis Obgyn"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR34","first-page":"429","volume":"15","author":"M Eftekhar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eftekhar M, Mojtahedi MF, Miraj S, Omid M. Final follicular maturation by administration of GnRH agonist plus HCG versus HCG in normal responders in ART cycles: an RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2017;15(7):429\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"1993_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1316","volume":"90","author":"M Schachter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schachter M, Friedler S, Ron-El R, Zimmerman AL, Strassburger D, Bern O, et al. Can pregnancy rate be improved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles by administering GnRH agonist before oocyte retrieval? A prospective, randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(4):1087\u201393.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0235707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235707","volume":"15","author":"CU Chern","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chern CU, Li JY, Tsui KH, Wang PH, Wen ZH, Lin LT. Dual-trigger improves the outcomes of in vitro fertilization cycles in older patients with diminished ovarian reserve: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(7):e0235707.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1576621","volume":"35","author":"J Haas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haas J, Zilberberg E, Nahum R, Mor Sason A, Hourvitz A, Gat I, et al. Does double trigger (GnRH-agonist\u2009+\u2009hCG) improve outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF-ET cycle? A pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(7):628\u201330.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0451-x","volume":"17","author":"MH Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin MH, Wu FS, Hwu YM, Lee RK, Li RS, Li SH. Dual trigger with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin significantly improves live birth rate for women with diminished ovarian reserve. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019;17(1):7.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1993_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.012","volume":"70","author":"S Seshadri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seshadri S, Morris G, Serhal P, Saab W. Assisted conception in women of advanced maternal age. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;70:10\u201320.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1993_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00099","volume":"10","author":"SC Esteves","year":"2019","unstructured":"Esteves SC, Carvalho JF, Bento FC, Santos J. A novel predictive model to estimate the number of mature oocytes required for obtaining at least one euploid blastocyst for transfer in couples undergoing in vitro Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: the ART calculator. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:99.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1993_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9799-6","volume":"29","author":"I Halvaei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Halvaei I, Ali Khalili M, Razi MH, Nottola SA. The effect of immature oocytes quantity on the rates of oocytes maturity and morphology, fertilization, and embryo development in ICSI cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012;29(8):803\u201310.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.1.181","volume":"53","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH, Moon SY. Oocyte maturity in relation to woman\u2019s age in in vitro fertilization cycles stimulated by single regimen. Yonsei Med J. 2012;53(1):181\u20135.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1993_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des200","volume":"27","author":"L Rienzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rienzi L, Balaban B, Ebner T, Mandelbaum J. The oocyte. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(Suppl 1):i2\u201321.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1993_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i22","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des205","volume":"27","author":"L Papale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papale L, Fiorentino A, Montag M, Tomasi G. The zygote. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(Suppl 1):i22\u201349.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1993_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i72","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des230","volume":"27","author":"T Hardarson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hardarson T, Van Landuyt L, Jones G. The blastocyst. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(Suppl 1):i72\u201391.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39078-6","volume":"13","author":"I Thanaboonyawat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thanaboonyawat I, Pothisan S, Petyim S, Laokirkkiat P. Pregnancy outcomes after vaginal probiotic supplementation before frozen embryo transfer: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):11892.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1993_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac114","volume":"37","author":"C Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou C, Yang X, Wang Y, Xi J, Pan H, Wang M, et al. Ovulation triggering with hCG alone, GnRH agonist alone or in combination? A randomized controlled trial in advanced-age women undergoing IVF\/ICSI cycles. Hum Reprod. 2022;37(8):1795\u2013805.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"7","key":"1993_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.7.631","volume":"4","author":"CJ Anobile","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anobile CJ, Talbot JA, McCann SJ, Padmanabhan V, Robertson WR. Glycoform composition of serum gonadotrophins through the normal menstrual cycle and in the post-menopausal state. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998;4(7):631\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"1993_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.4.599","volume":"16","author":"A Ulloa-Aguirre","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ulloa-Aguirre A, Timossi C, Mendez JP. Is there any physiological role for gonadotrophin oligosaccharide heterogeneity in humans? I. Gondatrophins are synthesized and released in multiple molecular forms. A matter of fact. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(4):599\u2013604.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1993_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00216","volume":"9","author":"GR Bousfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bousfield GR, May JV, Davis JS, Dias JA, Kumar TR. Vivo and in vitro impact of carbohydrate variation on human Follicle-Stimulating hormone function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:216.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1993_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00148","volume":"10","author":"F Landomiel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landomiel F, De Pascali F, Raynaud P, Jean-Alphonse F, Yvinec R, Pellissier LP, et al. Biased signaling and allosteric modulation at the FSHR. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:148.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvaa019","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa019","volume":"4","author":"T Zarinan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zarinan T, Butnev VY, Gutierrez-Sagal R, Maravillas-Montero JL, Martinez-Luis I, Mejia-Dominguez NR, et al. In vitro impact of FSH glycosylation variants on FSH Receptor-stimulated signal transduction and functional selectivity. J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(5):bvaa019.","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"5711","key":"1993_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/279336a0","volume":"279","author":"GF Erickson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Erickson GF, Wang C, Hsueh AJ. FSH induction of functional LH receptors in granulosa cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. Nature. 1979;279(5711):336\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"1993_CR54","first-page":"3748","volume":"82","author":"K Oktay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oktay K, Briggs D, Gosden RG. Ontogeny of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene expression in isolated human ovarian follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(11):3748\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1993_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1524","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1427","volume":"97","author":"JV Jeppesen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeppesen JV, Kristensen SG, Nielsen ME, Humaidan P, Dal Canto M, Fadini R, et al. LH-receptor gene expression in human granulosa and cumulus cells from antral and preovulatory follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(8):E1524\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1993_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.5.447","volume":"7","author":"KW Cheon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheon KW, Lee HS, Parhar IS, Kang IS. Expression of the second isoform of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-II) in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001;7(5):447\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1993_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507026","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2507026","volume":"2024","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu K, Wang J, Yang S, Wang Z, Hou N, Sun M. Comparison of HCG trigger versus dual trigger in improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with different ovarian responses: A retrospective study. Int J Endocrinol. 2024;2024:2507026.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ovarian Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:02:19Z","timestamp":1774890139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-026-01993-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-2215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-2215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Siriraj Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (COA no. Si 336\/2022). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"125"}}