{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:45:02Z","timestamp":1778499902204,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP0882650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP0882650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015674","name":"Queensland Ambulance Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T14:39:08Z","timestamp":1476801548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Agreement between triage category and patient\u2019s perception of priority in emergency departments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5694-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghasem-Sam","family":"Toloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Crilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"FitzGerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"316_CR1","unstructured":"ACEM: Policy on Patients' Rights to Access Emergency Department Care. Australasian College for Emergency Medicine; 2011. [\n                    https:\/\/www.acem.org.au\/getattachment\/04898090-617f-4401-be8e-8067af8ba4e1\/Policy-on-Patients-Rights-to-Access-Emergency-Depa.aspx\n                    \n                  ]. Accessed 10 Oct 2016."},{"key":"316_CR2","unstructured":"Felland LE, Hurley RE, Kemper NM. Safety net hospital emergency departments: creating safety valves for non-urgent care. Issue Brief. 2008;120:1\u20134."},{"key":"316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01492.x","volume":"24","author":"G FitzGerald","year":"2012","unstructured":"FitzGerald G, Toloo S, Rego J, Ting J, Aitken P, Tippett V. Demand for public hospital emergency department services in Australia: 2000\u20132001 to 2009\u20132010. Emerg Med Australas. 2012;24:72\u20138. doi:\n                    10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01492.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.099226","volume":"28","author":"JA Lowthian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lowthian JA, Curtis AJ, Cameron PA, Stoelwinder JU, Cooke MW, McNeil JJ. Systematic review of trends in emergency department attendances: an Australian perspective. Emerg Med J. 2010;28:373\u20137.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.03.033","volume":"48","author":"SL Bernstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernstein SL. Frequent emergency department visitors: the End of inappropriateness. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48:18\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-131","volume":"7","author":"MLV Carret","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carret MLV, Fassa AG, Kawachi I. Demand for emergency health service: factors associated with inappropriate use. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7:131.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395070190020601","volume":"19","author":"HG Selasawati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selasawati HG, Naing L, Wan Aasim WA, Winn T, Rusli BN. Factors associated with inappropriate utilisation of Emergency Department Services. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2007;19:29.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1071\/PY05026","volume":"11","author":"P Siminski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Siminski P, Cragg S, Middleton R, Masso M, Lago L, Green J, Edgar K. Primary care patients views on why they present to the Emergency Departments: Innapropriate attendances or inappropriate policy. Aust J Prim Health. 2005;11:87\u201395.","journal-title":"Aust J Prim Health"},{"key":"316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.056259","volume":"26","author":"J Vardy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vardy J, Mansbridge C, Ireland A. Are emergency department staffs\u2019 perceptions about the inappropriate use of ambulances, alcohol intoxication, verbal abuse and violence accurate? Emerg Med J. 2009;26:164\u20138. doi:\n                    10.1136\/emj.2007.056259\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10513","volume":"198","author":"G FitzGerald","year":"2013","unstructured":"FitzGerald G, Toloo GS. General practice patients in the emergency department. Med J Aust. 2013;198:573\u20134. doi:\n                    10.5694\/mja13.10513\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11754","volume":"198","author":"Y Nagree","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagree Y, Camarda VJ, Fatovich DM, Cameron PA, Dey I, Gosbell AD, McCarthy SM, Mountain D. Quantifying the proportion of general practice and low-acuity patients in the emergency department. Med J Aust. 2013;198:612\u20135.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"316_CR12","unstructured":"ACEM: Quality Standards for EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS and other HOSPITAL-BASED EMERGENCY CARE SERVICES. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM); 2015. [\n                    https:\/\/acem.org.au\/Structured-Documents\/Quality-Standards.aspx\n                    \n                  ]. Accessed 10 Oct 2016."},{"key":"316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.073064","volume":"27","author":"C Salisbury","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salisbury C, Coulter A. Urgent care and the patient. Emerg Med J. 2010;27:181\u20132. doi:\n                    10.1136\/emj.2009.073064\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR14","unstructured":"ACEM: Policy on the Australasian Triage Scale (v04). Australasian College for Emergency Medicine; 2013. [\n                    https:\/\/www.acem.org.au\/getattachment\/693998d7-94be-4ca7-a0e7-3d74cc9b733f\/Policy-on-the-Australasian-Triage-Scale.aspx\n                    \n                  ]. Accessed 10 Oct 2016."},{"key":"316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.063297","volume":"26","author":"CWL Ng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ng CWL, Lim GH, McMaster F, Molina J, Seow E, Heng BH. Patient satisfaction in an observation unit: the Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems Hospital Survey. Emerg Med J. 2009;26:586\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1071\/AH010120a","volume":"24","author":"S Liaw","year":"2001","unstructured":"Liaw S, Hill T, Bryce H, Adams G. Emergency and primary care at a Melbourne hospital: reasons for attendance and satisfaction. Aust Health Rev. 2001;24:120\u201334.","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"key":"316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.071134","volume":"27","author":"R Jeanmonod","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jeanmonod R, Boyd M, Loewenthal M, et al. The nature of emergency department interruptions and their impact on patient satisfaction. Emerg Med J. 2010;27:376\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2005.00725.x","volume":"17","author":"R Meek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meek R, Phiri W. Australasian Triage Scale: Consumer perspective. Emerg Med Australas. 2005;17:212\u20137.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Banerjee J, Baker R, Conroy S, Hsu R, Rashid A, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Sinfield P, Habiba M. Potentially avoidable emergency department attendance: interview study of patients\u2019 reasons for attendance. Emerg Med J 2011. doi:\n                    10.1136\/emermed-2011-200585","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200585"},{"key":"316_CR20","unstructured":"FitzGerald G, Toloo S, Rego J: Shaping the future demand for ambulance: understanding patient\u2019s reasons and decision making [oral presentation]. In Book Shaping the future demand for ambulance: understanding patient\u2019s reasons and decision making [oral presentation] (Editor ed.^eds.). City; 2012."},{"key":"316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-28-6-1089","volume":"28","author":"N Guttman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guttman N, Zimmerman DR, Nelson MS. The many faces of access: reasons for medically nonurgent emergency department visits. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2003;28:1089\u2013120.","journal-title":"J Health Polit Policy Law"},{"key":"316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2007.00968.x","volume":"19","author":"M Masso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masso M, Bezzina AJ, Siminski P, Middleton R, Eagar K. Why patients attend emergency departments for conditions potentially appropriate for primary care: Reasons given by patients and clinicians differ. Emerg Med Australas. 2007;19:333\u201340.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR23","unstructured":"Toloo S, Rego J, FitzGerald G, Vallmuur K, Ting J. Emergency Health Services: Demand and Service Delivery Models. Monograph 3: Patients' Reasons and Perceptions. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology; 2013. [\n                    http:\/\/eprints.qut.edu.au\/65395\/\n                    \n                  ]."},{"key":"316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2008.01089.x","volume":"20","author":"MF Gerdtz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gerdtz MF, Collins M, Chu M, Grant A, Tchernomoroff R, Pollard C, Harris J, Wassertheil J. Optimizing triage consistency in Australian emergency departments: The Emergency Triage Education Kit. Emerg Med Australas. 2008;20:250\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00823.x","volume":"17","author":"L L\u00f3pez","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez L, Wilper AP, Cervantes MC, Betancourt JR, Green AR. Racial and Sex differences in emergency department triage assessment and test ordering for chest pain, 1997\u20132006. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17:801\u20138.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2005.00372.x","volume":"19","author":"K Goransson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goransson K, Ehrenberg A, Marklund B, Ehnfors M. Accuracy and concordance of nurses in emergency department triage. Scand J Caring Sci. 2005;19:432\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12149","volume":"20","author":"GS Toloo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toloo GS, FitzGerald GJ, Aitken PJ, Ting JY, McKenzie K, Rego J, Enraght-Moony E. Ambulance use is associated with higher self-rated illness seriousness: user attitudes and perceptions. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20:576\u201383.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12474","volume":"27","author":"J Rego","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rego J, FitzGerald G, Toloo S, Vallmuur K. Why do Queenslanders seek care in emergency departments? A population study. Emerg Med Australas. 2015;27:516\u201321. doi:\n                    10.1111\/1742-6723.12474\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR29","first-page":"158","volume":"2","author":"M Esmailian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esmailian M, Zamani M, Azadi F, Ghasemi F. Inter-rater agreement of emergency nurses and physicians in Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage. Emerg. 2014;2:158\u201361.","journal-title":"Emerg"},{"key":"316_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2005.00761.x","volume":"17","author":"J Vance","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vance J, Sprivulis P. Triage nurses validly and reliably estimate emergency department patient complexity. Emerg Med Australas. 2005;17:382\u20136.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2008.01131.x","volume":"20","author":"A Creaton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Creaton A, Liew D, Knott J, Wright M. Interrater reliability of the Australasian Triage Scale for mental health patients. Emerg Med Australas. 2008;20:468\u201374.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"316_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-016-0086-1","volume":"16","author":"SE Ruud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruud SE, Hjortdahl P, Natvig B. Is it a matter of urgency? A survey of assessments by walk-in patients and doctors of the urgency level of their encounters at a general emergency outpatient clinic in Oslo Norway. BMC Emerg Med. 2016;16:22. doi:\n                    10.1186\/s12873-016-0086-1\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaen.2005.10.003","volume":"14","author":"M Rassin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rassin M, Nasie A, Bechor Y, Weiss G, Silner D. The characteristics of self-referrals to ER for non-urgent conditions and comparison of urgency evaluation between patients and nurses. Accid Emerg Nurs. 2006;14:20\u20136. \n                    http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aaen.2005.10.003\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Accid Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"316_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(80)80187-9","volume":"9","author":"MJ Gifford","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gifford MJ, Franaszek JB, Gibson G. Emergency physicians\u2019 and patients\u2019 assessments: Urgency of need for medical care. Ann Emerg Med. 1980;9:502\u20137. \n                    http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-0644(80)80187-9\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90077-7","volume":"14","author":"RC Hunt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hunt RC, DeHart KL, Allison EJ, Whitley TW. Patient and physician perception of need for emergency medical care: A prospective and retrospective analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14:635\u20139. doi:\n                    10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90077-7\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.073056","volume":"27","author":"C Salisbury","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salisbury C, Bell D. Access to urgent health care. Emerg Med J. 2010;27:186\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"316_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7235.618","volume":"320","author":"C Salisbury","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salisbury C, Trivella M, Bruster S. Demand for and supply of out of hours care from general practitioners in England and Scotland: Observational study based on routinely collected data. Br Med J. 2000;320:618.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"316_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-42","volume":"19","author":"N Farrohknia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farrohknia N, Castr\u00e9n M, Ehrenberg A, Lind L, Oredsson S, Jonsson H, Asplund K, G\u00f6ransson KE. Emergency department triage scales and their components: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011;19:42. doi:\n                    10.1186\/1757-7241-19-42\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"316_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5455\/jbh.20160204094059","volume":"5","author":"KY-H Liao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liao KY-H, Henceroth M, Lu Q, LeRoy A. Cultural differences in pain experience among four ethnic groups: a qualitative pilot study. J Behav Health. 2016;5:75\u201381. doi:\n                    10.5455\/jbh.20160204094059\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Behav Health"},{"key":"316_CR40","unstructured":"Queensland Health: Ryan's Rule [\n                    https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/metronorth\/patients-visitors\/rights\/ryans-rule\/default.asp\n                    \n                  ]. Accessed 10 Oct 2016."}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T11:40:13Z","timestamp":1589542813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sjtrem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-016-0316-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"126"}}