{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:14:57Z","timestamp":1763727297730,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T00:24:35Z","timestamp":1522801475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decreased risk adjusted 30-day mortality for hospital admitted injuries: a multi-centre longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9697-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Fredrikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Steinvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Gedeborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folke","family":"Sjoberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"485_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018006","volume":"22","author":"EJ MacKenzie","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacKenzie EJ. Epidemiology of injuries: current trends and future challenges. Epidemiol Rev. 2000;22:112\u20139.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev."},{"key":"485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000169","volume":"76","author":"RG Sise","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sise RG, Calvo RY, Spain DA, Weiser TG, Staudenmayer KL. The epidemiology of trauma-related mortality in the United States from 2002 to 2010. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76:913\u20139. discussion920","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.005561","volume":"10","author":"S Stephenson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stephenson S, Henley G, Harrison JE, Langley JD. Diagnosis based injury severity scaling: investigation of a method using Australian and New Zealand hospitalisations. Inj Prev. 2004;10:379\u201383.","journal-title":"Inj Prev."},{"key":"485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199708000-00008","volume":"43","author":"TM Osler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Osler TM, Cohen M, Rogers FB, Camp L, Rutledge R, Shackford SR. Trauma registry injury coding is superfluous: a comparison of outcome prediction based on trauma registry International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and hospital information system ICD-9 codes. J Trauma. 1997;43:253\u20136. discussion256\u20137","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199609000-00002","volume":"41","author":"T Osler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Osler T, Rutledge R, Deis J, Bedrick E. ICISS: an international classification of disease-9 based injury severity score. J Trauma. 1996;41:380\u20136. discussion386\u20138","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181f6f5e5","volume":"71","author":"KA Hartholt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hartholt KA, van Beeck EF, Polinder S, van der Velde N, Van Lieshout EMM, Panneman MJM, et al. Societal Consequences of Falls in the Older Population: Injuries, Healthcare Costs, and Long-Term Reduced Quality of Life. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2011;71:748\u201353.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60741-8","volume":"374","author":"GC Patton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patton GC, Coffey C, Sawyer SM, Viner RM, Haller DM, Bose K, et al. Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet. 2009;374:881\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182288272","volume":"72","author":"R Gedeborg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gedeborg R, Chen L-H, Thiblin I, Byberg L, Melhus H, Micha\u00eblsson K, et al. Prehospital injury deaths\u2014Strengthening the case for prevention. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72:765\u201372.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR9","unstructured":"WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. - 10th revision, ed 2010. 3v. Malta 2011 pp1-201"},{"key":"485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","volume":"11","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim J-L, Reuterwall C, et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:450.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y","volume":"24","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24:659\u201367.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"key":"485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-22-18","volume":"22","author":"P Ghorbani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghorbani P, Falk\u00e9n M, Riddez L, Sundel\u00f6f M, Oldner A, Str\u00f6mmer L. Clinical review is essential to evaluate 30-day mortality after trauma. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2014;22:18.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"key":"485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.11.426","volume":"39","author":"NO Skaga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Skaga NO, Eken T, Jones JM, Steen PA. Different definitions of patient outcome: Consequences for performance analysis in trauma. Injury. 2008;39:612\u201322.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318270d40f","volume":"73","author":"RM Van Haren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Haren RM, Thorson CM, Curia E, Schulman CI, Namias N, Livingstone AS, et al. Impact of definitions on trauma center mortality rates and performance. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73:1512\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199801000-00003","volume":"44","author":"R Rutledge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rutledge R, Osler T, Emery S, Kromhout-Schiro S. The end of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS): ICISS, an International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision-based prediction tool, outperforms both ISS and TRISS as predictors of trauma patient survival, hospital charges, and hospital length of stay. J Trauma. 1998;44:41\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000944","volume":"80","author":"M Gagn\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9 M, Moore L, Beaudoin C, Batomen Kuimi BL, Sirois M-J. Performance of ICD-based injury severity measures used to predict in-hospital mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80:419\u201326.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182a9cd31","volume":"76","author":"R Gedeborg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gedeborg R, Warner M, Chen L-H, Gulliver P, Cryer C, Robitaille Y, et al. Internationally comparable diagnosisspecific survival probabilities for calculation of the ICD-10\u2013based Injury Severity Score. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76:358\u201365.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.10.015","volume":"281","author":"R Gedeborg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gedeborg R, Svennblad B, Byberg L, Micha\u00eblsson K, Thiblin I. Prediction of mortality risk in victims of violent crimes. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017;281:92\u20137.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.017640","volume":"14","author":"G Davie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davie G, Cryer C, Langley J. Improving the predictive ability of the ICD-based Injury Severity Score. Inj Prev. 2008;14:250\u20135.","journal-title":"Inj Prev."},{"key":"485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000844","volume":"79","author":"LB Petrey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrey LB, Weddle RJ, Richardson B, Gilder R, Reynolds M, Bennett M, et al. Trauma patient readmissions: Why do they come back for more? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79:717\u201324. discussion724\u20135","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000202","volume":"76","author":"L Moore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moore L, Stelfox HT, Turgeon AF, Nathens AB, Lavoie A, Bourgeois G, et al. Derivation and validation of a quality indicator for 30-day unplanned hospital readmission to evaluate trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76:1310\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000663","volume":"78","author":"L Moore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moore L, Lavoie A, Bourgeois G, Lapointe J. Donabedian's structure-process-outcome quality of care model: Validation in an integrated trauma system. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78:1168\u201375.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000944","volume":"80","author":"M Gagn\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9 M, Moore L, Beaudoin C, Batomen Kuimi BL, Sirois M-J. Performance of International Classification of Diseases-based injury severity measures used to predict in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80:419\u201326.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis."},{"key":"485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S20247","volume":"3","author":"S Christensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christensen S, Johansen MB, Christiansen CF, Jensen R, Lemeshow S. Comparison of Charlson comorbidity index with SAPS and APACHE scores for prediction of mortality following intensive care. Clin Epidemiol. 2011;3:203\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.10.1093","volume":"138","author":"GP Victorino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Victorino GP, Chong TJ, Pal JD. Trauma in the elderly patient. Arch Surg. 2003;138:1093\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Surg."},{"key":"485_CR27","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. Population by age and sex.\n                    http:\/\/www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se\/pxweb\/en\/ssd\/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101A\/BefolkningR1860\/?rxid=3858e946-350b-40e0-bf56-f21a52a9562d\n                    \n                  . Accessed 3 Jun 2016"},{"key":"485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31803245b2","volume":"62","author":"L Moore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moore L, Lavoie A, Bergeron E, Emond M. Modeling Probability-Based Injury Severity Scores in Logistic Regression Models: The Logit Transformation Should Be Used. J Trauma. 2007;62:601\u20135.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.028951","volume":"17","author":"MF Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m MF, Byberg L, Melhus H, Micha\u00eblsson K, Gedeborg R. Extent and consequences of misclassified injury diagnoses in a national hospital discharge registry. Inj. Prev. 2011;17:108\u201313.","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"485_CR30","first-page":"1010","volume":"217","author":"H Blomberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blomberg H, Svennblad B, Michaelsson K, Byberg L, Johansson J, Gedeborg R. Prehospital Trauma Life Support Training of Ambulance Caregivers and the Outcomes of Traffic-Injury Victims in Sweden. ACS. 2013;217:1010\u20132.","journal-title":"ACS."},{"key":"485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.02.018","volume":"83","author":"J Johansson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johansson J, Blomberg H, Svennblad B, Wernroth L, Melhus H, Byberg L, et al. Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) training of ambulance caregivers and impact on survival of trauma victims. Resuscitation. 2012;83:1259\u201364.","journal-title":"Resuscitation."},{"key":"485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000101490.32972.9F","volume":"56","author":"BM Potenza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Potenza BM, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Fortlage D, Holbrook T, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, et al. The epidemiology of serious and fatal injury in San Diego County over an 11-year period. Journal Trauma. 2004;56:68\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal Trauma"},{"key":"485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.005835","volume":"11","author":"JA Stevens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stevens JA, Sogolow ED. Gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults. Inj. Prev. 2005;11:115\u20139.","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"485_CR34","first-page":"592","volume":"77","author":"R Meisler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meisler R, Thomsen AB, Theilade P, Abildstr\u00f8m H, BORGE P, Treschow M, et al. Age-related differences in mechanism, cause, and location of trauma deaths. Minerva Anestesiol. 2011;77:592\u20137.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.03.006","volume":"87","author":"EM Curtis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curtis EM, van der Velde R, Moon RJ. Epidemiology of fractures in the United Kingdom 1988\u20132012: Variation with age, sex, geography, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Bone. 2016;87:19\u201326.","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01026-0","volume":"387","author":"B Kalesan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalesan B, Mobily ME, Keiser O, Fagan JA, Galea S. Firearm legislation and firearm mortality in the USA: a crosssectional, state-level study. Lancet. 2016;387:1847\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041710","volume":"22","author":"J Fahimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fahimi J, Larimer E, Hamud-Ahmed W, Anderson E, Schnorr CD, Yen I, et al. Long-term mortality of patients surviving firearm violence. Inj. Prev. 2016;22:129\u201334.","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.06.002","volume":"79","author":"KA Fowler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fowler KA, Dahlberg LL, Haileyesus T, Annest JL. Firearm injuries in the United States. Prev Med. 2015;79:5\u201314.","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.04.006","volume":"152","author":"D Gomez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomez D, Haas B, de Mestral C, Sharma S, Hsiao M, Zagorski B, et al. Gender-associated differences in access to trauma center care: A population-based analysis. Surgery. 2012;152:179\u201385.","journal-title":"Surgery."}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T19:48:56Z","timestamp":1554234536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sjtrem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0485-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7241"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-7241"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Linkoping, Sweden.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest where declared by the authors. However Rolf Gedeborg is also employed by the Medical Products Agency, an agency of the Swedish government. The views expressed in this paper may not reflect the views of the Medical Products Agency.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"24"}}