{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:44:13Z","timestamp":1793119453845,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T08:08:58Z","timestamp":1542787738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1401-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Gonzalez Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Stensballe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4r I.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.037","volume":"48","author":"BT Oyeniyi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oyeniyi BT, Fox EE, Scerbo M, Tomasek JS, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center: impact of a bleeding control bundle of care. Injury. 2017;48(1):5\u201312.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"565_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000788","volume":"47","author":"EE Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox EE, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Bulger EM, Tilley BC, Group PS. Earlier endpoints are required for hemorrhagic shock trials among severely injured patients. Shock. 2017;47(5):567\u201373.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"2","key":"565_CR3","first-page":"145","volume":"44","author":"KW Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang KW, Chen HJ, Lu K, Liliang PC, Liang CL, Tsai YD, et al. Simvastatin attenuates the cerebral vascular endothelial inflammatory response in a rat traumatic brain injury. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2014;44(2):145\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.387","volume":"148","author":"JB Holcomb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holcomb JB, del Junco DJ, Fox EE, Wade CE, Cohen MJ, Schreiber MA, et al. The prospective, observational, multicenter, major trauma transfusion (PROMMTT) study: comparative effectiveness of a time-varying treatment with competing risks. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(2):127\u201336.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12","volume":"313","author":"JB Holcomb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000513","volume":"45","author":"AZ Chignalia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chignalia AZ, Yetimakman F, Christiaans SC, Unal S, Bayrakci B, Wagener BM, et al. The glycocalyx and trauma: a review. Shock. 2016;45(4):338\u201348.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"7","key":"565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12661","volume":"69","author":"CS Alphonsus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alphonsus CS, Rodseth RN. The endothelial glycocalyx: a review of the vascular barrier. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(7):777\u201384.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"565_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001751","volume":"265","author":"PI Johansson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johansson PI, Henriksen HH, Stensballe J, Gybel-Brask M, Cardenas JC, Baer LA, et al. Traumatic endotheliopathy: a prospective observational study of 424 severely injured patients. Ann Surg. 2017;265(3):597\u2013603.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"565_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.656","volume":"2013","author":"JB Holcomb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holcomb JB, Pati S. Optimal trauma resuscitation with plasma as the primary resuscitative fluid: the surgeon's perspective. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2013;2013:656\u20139.","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1605-5","volume":"21","author":"P Johansson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johansson P, Stensballe J, Ostrowski S. Shock induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) in acute critical illness - a unifying pathophysiologic mechanism. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):25.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"565_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000101","volume":"41","author":"E Rahbar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahbar E, Baer LA, Cotton BA, Holcomb JB, Wade CE. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure is an early indicator of injury and hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2014;41(3):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0481-5","volume":"13","author":"E Rahbar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rahbar E, Cardenas JC, Baimukanova G, Usadi B, Bruhn R, Pati S, et al. Endothelial glycocalyx shedding and vascular permeability in severely injured trauma patients. J Transl Med. 2015;13:117.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"565_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2012.11.005","volume":"85","author":"I Torres Filho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torres Filho I, Torres LN, Sondeen JL, Polykratis IA, Dubick MA. In vivo evaluation of venular glycocalyx during hemorrhagic shock in rats using intravital microscopy. Microvasc Res. 2013;85:128\u201333.","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1468","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00006.2016","volume":"310","author":"IP Torres Filho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torres Filho IP, Torres LN, Salgado C, Dubick MA. Plasma syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate correlate with microvascular glycocalyx degradation in hemorrhaged rats after different resuscitation fluids. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;310(11):H1468\u201378.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"565_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001036","volume":"50","author":"Erika Gonzalez Rodriguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Cardenas JC, Lopez E, Cotton BA, Tomasek JS, Ostrowski SR, et al. Early identification of the patient with endotheliopathy of trauma by arrival serum albumin. Shock.\u00a02018;50(1):31-37.","journal-title":"SHOCK"},{"issue":"5","key":"565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000452","volume":"44","author":"K Ban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ban K, Peng Z, Pati S, Witkov RB, Park PW, Kozar RA. Plasma-mediated gut protection after hemorrhagic shock is lessened in syndecan-1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Shock. 2015;44(5):452\u20137.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"8","key":"565_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023530","volume":"6","author":"RJ Haywood-Watson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haywood-Watson RJ, Holcomb JB, Gonzalez EA, Peng Z, Pati S, Park PW, et al. Modulation of syndecan-1 shedding after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23530.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"565_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000631","volume":"78","author":"RA Kozar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kozar RA, Pati S. Syndecan-1 restitution by plasma after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(6 Suppl 1):S83\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318210385c","volume":"112","author":"RA Kozar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kozar RA, Peng Z, Zhang R, Holcomb JB, Pati S, Park P, et al. Plasma restoration of endothelial glycocalyx in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(6):1289\u201395.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"565_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31829f91fc","volume":"40","author":"Z Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng Z, Pati S, Potter D, Brown R, Holcomb JB, Grill R, et al. Fresh frozen plasma lessens pulmonary endothelial inflammation and hyperpermeability after hemorrhagic shock and is associated with loss of syndecan 1. Shock. 2013;40(3):195\u2013202.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"565_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182aaa675","volume":"76","author":"M Sillesen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sillesen M, Rasmussen LS, Jin G, Jepsen CH, Imam A, Hwabejire JO, et al. Assessment of coagulopathy, endothelial injury, and inflammation after traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage in a porcine model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76(1):12\u20139 discussion 9-20.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"565_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0500-3","volume":"13","author":"AP Di Battista","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Hutchison MG, Hassan S, Shiu MY, Inaba K, et al. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with patient outcome and the hyperadrenergic state following acute brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13:40.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"565_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000642","volume":"46","author":"AP Di Battista","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Battista AP, Rizoli SB, Lejnieks B, Min A, Shiu MY, Peng HT, et al. Sympathoadrenal activation is associated with acute traumatic coagulopathy and endotheliopathy in isolated brain injury. Shock. 2016;46(3 Suppl 1):96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"565_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.05.012","volume":"225","author":"E Gonzalez Rodriguez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Ostrowski SR, Cardenas JC, Baer LA, Tomasek JS, Henriksen HH, et al. Syndecan-1: a quantitative marker for the endotheliopathy of trauma. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;225:419.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"565_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001304","volume":"82","author":"SR Ostrowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ostrowski SR, Henriksen HH, Stensballe J, Gybel-Brask M, Cardenas JC, Baer LA, et al. Sympathoadrenal activation and endotheliopathy are drivers of hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis in trauma: a prospective observational study of 404 severely injured patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;82(2):293\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"565_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31821e1bf0","volume":"71","author":"BA Cotton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cotton BA, Faz G, Hatch QM, Radwan ZA, Podbielski J, Wade C, et al. Rapid thrombelastography delivers real-time results that predict transfusion within 1 hour of admission. J Trauma. 2011;71(2):407\u201314 discussion 14-7.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"565_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318226113d","volume":"254","author":"PI Johansson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Rasmussen LS, Ostrowski SR. A high admission syndecan-1 level, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, is associated with inflammation, protein C depletion, fibrinolysis, and increased mortality in trauma patients. Ann Surg. 2011;254(2):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"565_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2612","volume":"30","author":"GF Genet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Genet GF, Johansson PI, Meyer MA, Solbeck S, Sorensen AM, Larsen CF, et al. Trauma-induced coagulopathy: standard coagulation tests, biomarkers of coagulopathy, and endothelial damage in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(4):301\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"565_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001204","volume":"81","author":"I Halaweish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Halaweish I, Bambakidis T, Nikolian VC, Georgoff P, Bruhn P, Piascik P, et al. Early resuscitation with lyophilized plasma provides equal neuroprotection compared with fresh frozen plasma in a large animal survival model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(6):1080\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"565_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.01.057","volume":"220","author":"I Halaweish","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halaweish I, Bambakidis T, He W, Linzel D, Chang Z, Srinivasan A, et al. Early resuscitation with fresh frozen plasma for traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhagic shock improves neurologic recovery. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(5):809\u201319.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"565_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000832","volume":"48","author":"F Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu F, Peng Z, Park PW, Kozar RA. Loss of syndecan-1 abrogates the pulmonary protective phenotype induced by plasma after hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2017;48:340.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"4","key":"565_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000961","volume":"80","author":"S Pati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pati S, Potter DR, Baimukanova G, Farrel DH, Holcomb JB, Schreiber MA. Modulating the endotheliopathy of trauma: factor concentrate versus fresh frozen plasma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(4):576\u201384 discussion 84-5.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"565_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000434","volume":"30","author":"F Brettner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brettner F, von Dossow V, Chappell D. The endothelial glycocalyx and perioperative lung injury. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(1):36\u201341.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"565_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000922","volume":"80","author":"VA McCredie","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCredie VA, Alali AS, Xiong W, Rubenfeld GD, Cuthbertson BH, Scales DC, et al. Timing of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in severe traumatic brain injury: impact on overall mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(3):484\u201391.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"565_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101786","volume":"183","author":"AF Turgeon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turgeon AF, Lauzier F, Simard J-F, Scales DC, Burns KEA, Moore L, et al. Withdrawing life-sustaining therapy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury. CMAJ. 2011;183(14):1570\u20131.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"565_CR36","volume-title":"Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients dataset. V1 ed. Mendeley","author":"E Gonzalez Rodriguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Cardenas JC, Cox CS, Kitagawa RS, Stensballe J, Holcomb JB, et al. Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients dataset. V1 ed. Mendeley 2018."}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T13:11:27Z","timestamp":1662469887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sjtrem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-018-0565-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Institutional Review Board (HSC-GEN-12-0059). Consent was obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative within 72\u00a0h of admission or waived for patients who were discharged or died within 24\u00a0h of hospital admission.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"102"}}