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Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient\u2019s death. There are few paediatric difficult-airway guidelines available in the current literature, and some of these have significant limitations. This position paper, intended for unanticipated difficult airway, was elaborated by the panel of specialists representing the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care as well as the Polish Neonatal Society. It covers both elective intubation and emergency situations in children in all age groups. An integral part of the paper is an algorithm. 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