{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:19:23Z","timestamp":1776773963564,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine whether video laryngoscope (VL) compared with direct laryngoscope (DL) could reduce the occurrence of adverse events associated with tracheal intubation in the emergency and ICU patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current issue of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (from database inception to October 30, 2018) were searched. The RCTs, quasi-RCTs, observational studies comparing VL and DL for tracheal intubation in emergency or ICU patients and reporting the rates of adverse events were included. The primary outcome was the rate of esophageal intubation (EI). Review Manager 5.3 software was used to perform the pooled analysis and assess the risk of bias for each eligible RCT. The ACROBAT-NRSi Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the risk of bias for each eligible observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-three studies (13,117 patients) were included in the review for data extraction. Pooled analysis showed a lower rate of EI by using VL (relative risk [RR], 0.24;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; high-quality evidence for RCTs and very low-quality evidence for observational studies). Subgroup analyses based on the type of studies, whether a cardiopulmonary resuscitation study, or operators\u2019 expertise showed a similar lower rate of EI by using VL compared with DL in all subgroups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) except for experienced operators (RR, 0.44;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09). There were no significant differences between devices for other adverse events (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), except for a lower incidence of hypoxemia when intubation was performed with VL by inexperienced operators (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the results of this analysis, we conclude that compared with DL, VL can reduce the risk of EI during tracheal intubation in the emergency and ICU patients, but does not provide significant benefits on other adverse events associated with tracheal intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1581069767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparison of adverse events between video and direct laryngoscopes for tracheal intubations in emergency department and ICU patients\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Shi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Shan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer059","volume":"106","author":"TM Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook TM, Woodall N, Harper J. Benger J; fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the difficult airway society. Part 2: intensive care and emergency departments. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(5):632\u201342.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"702_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000233879.58720.87","volume":"34","author":"S Jaber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jaber S, Amraoui J, Lefrant JY, Arich C, Cohendy R, Landreau L, et al. Clinical practice and risk factors for immediate complications of endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(9):2355\u201361.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"702_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12674","volume":"22","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Javedani PP, Chase E, Garst-Orozco J, Guillen-Rodriguez JM, Stolz U. The use of a video laryngoscope by emergency medicine residents is associated with a reduction in esophageal intubations in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(6):700\u20137.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"702_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3099-1","volume":"39","author":"A De Jong","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Jong A, Clavieras N, Conseil M, Coisel Y, Moury PH, Pouzeratte Y, et al. Implementation of a combo videolaryngoscope for intubation in critically ill patients: a before-after comparative study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(12):2144\u201352.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201508-505OC","volume":"13","author":"CD Hypes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hypes CD, Stolz U, Sakles JC, Joshi RR, Natt B, Malo J, et al. Video laryngoscopy improves odds of first-attempt success at intubation in the intensive care unit. A propensity-matched analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(3):382\u201390.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182917f2a","volume":"117","author":"P Kory","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kory P, Guevarra K, Mathew JP, Hegde A, Mayo PH. The impact of video laryngoscopy use during urgent endotracheal intubation in the critically ill. Anesth Analg. 2013;117(1):144\u20139.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066613492641","volume":"30","author":"V Lakticova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lakticova V, Koenig SJ, Narasimhan M, Mayo PH. Video laryngoscopy is associated with increased first pass success and decreased rate of esophageal intubations during urgent endotracheal intubation in a medical intensive care unit when compared to direct laryngoscopy. J Intensive Care Med. 2015;30(1):44\u20138.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"702_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.11.030","volume":"89","author":"DH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee DH, Han M, An JY, Jung JY, Koh Y, Lim CM, et al. Video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2015;89:195\u20139.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R103","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11384","volume":"16","author":"RR Noppens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noppens RR, Geimer S, Eisel N, David M, Piepho T. Endotracheal intubation using the C-MAC\u00ae video laryngoscope or the Macintosh laryngoscope: a prospective, comparative study in the ICU. Crit Care. 2012;16(3):R103.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"702_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.10.005","volume":"136","author":"Hiroshi Okamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okamoto H, Goto T, Wong ZSY, Hagiwara Y, Watase H, Hasegawa K; Japanese Emergency Medicine Network investigators. Comparison of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for intubation in emergency department patients with cardiac arrest: a multicentre study. Resuscitation 2019; 136:70\u201377.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"702_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.12.010","volume":"89","author":"SO Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park SO, Kim JW, Na JH, Lee KH, Lee KR, Hong DY, Baek KJ. Video laryngoscopy improves the first-attempt success in endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation among novice physicians. Resuscitation. 2015;89:188\u201394.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12358","volume":"27","author":"J Vassiliadis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vassiliadis J, Tzannes A, Hitos K, Brimble J, Fogg T. Comparison of the C-MAC video laryngoscope with direct Macintosh laryngoscopy in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas. 2015;27(2):119\u201325.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12933","volume":"23","author":"B Driver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Driver B, Prekker M, Moore J, Schick AL, Reardon RF, Miner JR. Direct versus video laryngoscopy using the C-MAC for tracheal intubation in the emergency department, a randomized controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(4):433\u20139.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.02.003","volume":"9","author":"YX Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao YX, Song YB, Gu ZJ, Zhang JS, Chen XF, Sun H, Lu Z. Video versus direct laryngoscopy on successful first pass endotracheal intubation in ICU patients. World J Emerg Med. 2018;9(2):99\u2013104.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2016.02.001","volume":"16","author":"E Goksu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goksu E, Kilic T, Yildiz G, Unal A, Kartal M. Comparison of the C-MAC video laryngoscope to the Macintosh laryngoscope for intubation of blunt trauma patients in the ED. Turk J Emerg Med. 2016;16(2):53\u20136.","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"702_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9775-8","volume":"59","author":"D Griesdale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Griesdale D, Chau A, Isac G, Ayas N, Foster D, Irwin C. Choi P; Canadian critical care trials group. Video-laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized trial. Can J Anesth. 2012;59(11):1032\u20139.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"issue":"11","key":"702_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001841","volume":"44","author":"DR Janz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Janz DR, Semler MW, Lentz RJ, Matthews DT, Assad TR, Norman BC. Et al; facilitating EndotracheaL intubation by laryngoscopy technique and apneic oxygenation within the ICU investigators and the pragmatic critical care research group. Randomized trial of video laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(11):1980\u20137.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"702_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.04.003","volume":"105","author":"Jong Won Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, Park S, Lee K, Hong DY, Baek KJ, Lee YH, et al. Video laryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy: which should be chosen for endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation? A prospective randomized controlled study of experienced intubators. Resuscitation 2016; 105: 196\u2013202.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"702_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20603","volume":"317","author":"J Lascarrou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lascarrou J, Boisrame-Helms J, Bailly A, Le Thuaut A, Kamel T, Mercier E. Et al; clinical research in intensive care and Sepsis (CRICS) group. Video laryngoscopy vs direct laryngoscopy on successful first-pass Orotracheal intubation among ICU patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317(5):483\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000751","volume":"43","author":"MJ Silverberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silverberg MJ, Li N, Acquah SO, Kory PD. Comparison of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy during urgent endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(3):636\u201341.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"702_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000525","volume":"33","author":"S Sulser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sulser S, Ubmann D, Schlaepfer M, Brueesch M, Goliasch G, Seifert B, et al. C-MAC videolaryngoscope compared with direct laryngoscopy for rapid sequence intubation in an emergency department: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33(12):943\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318293103d","volume":"75","author":"DJ Yeatts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeatts DJ, Dutton RP, Hu PF, Chang YW, Brown CH, Chen H, et al. Effect of video laryngoscopy on trauma patient survival: a randomized controlled trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75(2):212\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1885-9","volume":"21","author":"J Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang J, Ma D, Li B, Yue Y, Xue F. Video laryngoscopy does not improve the intubation outcomes in emergency and critical patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):288.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.12.041","volume":"120","author":"N Arulkumaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arulkumaran N, Lowe J, Ions R, Mendoza M, Bennett V, Dunser MW. Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for emergency orotracheal intubation outside the operating room: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(4):712\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"702_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13193","volume":"24","author":"PB Savino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savino PB, Reichelderfer S, Mercer MP, Wang RC, Sporer KA. Direct versus video laryngoscopy for Prehospital intubation: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(8):1018\u201326.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"702_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.03.006","volume":"47","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee S, Maitra S, Baidya DK. A comparison between video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in the emergency department: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth. 2018;47:21\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"702_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4741-0","volume":"43","author":"BC Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao BC, Huang TY, Liu KX. Video laryngoscopy for ICU intubation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(6):947\u20138.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.06.012","volume":"152","author":"HB Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang HB, Peng JM, Xu B, Liu GY, Du B. Video laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults: a systemic review and Meta-analysis. Chest. 2017;152(3):510\u20137.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"702_CR29","first-page":"629","volume":"40","author":"A De Jong","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Jong A, Molinari N, Conseil M, Coisel Y, Pouzeratte Y, Belafia F, et al. Video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):629\u201339.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"702_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. Altman DG; PRISMA group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"702_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al; PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ 2015; 350: g7647.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"702_CR32","unstructured":"Cochrane: HJG. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1[updated March 2011] [last accessed on 15.6.2015]: The Cochrane collaboration. 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"702_CR33","unstructured":"Sterne J, Higgins J, Reeves B, editors. A Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool: for non-randomized studies of interventions (ACROBAT-NRSI), vol. 24; 2014. Available from: Version1.0.0. http:\/\/www.riskofbias.info. Accessed on 01\/11\/2017."},{"issue":"7109","key":"702_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7651","key":"702_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y. Sch\u00fcnemann HJ; GRADE working group. What is \"quality of evidence\" and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ. 2008;336(7651):995\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn188","volume":"38","author":"J Brok","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brok J, Thorlund K, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Apparently conclusive meta-analyses may be inconclusive--trial sequential analysis adjustment of random error risk due to repetitive testing of accumulating data in apparently conclusive neonatal meta-analyses. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(1):287\u201398.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"702_CR38","unstructured":"TSA: Trial Sequential Analysis Viewer (TSA Viewer) [Computer program]. Version 0.9.5.10 Beta. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, 2016."},{"key":"702_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-14-38","volume":"14","author":"N Khandelwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khandelwal N, Galgon RE, Ali M, Joffe AM. Cardiac arrest is a predictor of difficult tracheal intubation independent of operator experience in hospitalized patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014;14:38.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.07.066","volume":"36","author":"BE Driver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Driver BE, Klein LR, Schick AL, Prekker ME, Reardon RF, Miner JR. The occurrence of aspiration pneumonia after emergency endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(2):193\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"702_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00492.x","volume":"16","author":"TF Platts-Mills","year":"2009","unstructured":"Platts-Mills TF, Campagne D, Chinnock B, Snowden B, Glickman LT, Hendey GW. A comparison of GlideScope video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy intubation in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(9):866\u201371.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9859-5","volume":"60","author":"JB Paolini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paolini JB, Donati F, Drolet P. Review article: video-laryngoscopy: another tool for difficult intubation or a new paradigm in airway management? Can J Anaesth. 2013;60(2):184\u201391.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"702_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew058","volume":"116","author":"M Kleine-Brueggeney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kleine-Brueggeney M, Greif R, Schoettker P, Savoldelli GL, Nabecker S, Theiler LG. Evaluation of six videolaryngoscopes in 720 patients with a simulated difficult airway: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(5):670\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"702_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes418","volume":"109","author":"A van Zundert","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Zundert A, Pieters B, Doerges V, Gatt S. Videolaryngoscopy allows a better view of the pharynx and larynx than classic laryngoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(6):1014\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.07.004","volume":"27","author":"K Sorour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sorour K, Donovan L. Intentional esophageal intubation to improve visualization during emergent endotracheal intubation in the context of massive vomiting: a case report. J Clin Anesth. 2015;27(2):168\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.9.30891","volume":"18","author":"J DuCanto","year":"2017","unstructured":"DuCanto J, Serrano KD, Thompson RJ. Novel airway training tool that simulates vomiting: suction-assisted laryngoscopy assisted decontamination (SALAD) system. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18(1):117\u201320.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"702_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R237","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13061","volume":"17","author":"JM Mosier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mosier JM, Whitmore SP, Bloom JW, Snyder LS, Graham LA, Carr GE, Sakles JC. Video laryngoscopy improves intubation success and reduces esophageal intubations compared to direct laryngoscopy in the medical intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2013;17:R237.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2845-z","volume":"39","author":"M Michailidou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michailidou M, O'Keeffe T, Mosier JM, Friese RS, Joseph B, Rhee P, Sakles JC. A comparison of video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy for the emergency intubation of trauma patients. World J Surg. 2015;39(3):782\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.05.039","volume":"51","author":"John C. Sakles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Mosier JM, Patanwala AE, Arcaris B, Dicken JM. The utility of the C-MAC as a direct laryngoscope for intubation in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2016; 51(4): 349\u2013357.","journal-title":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"702_CR50","first-page":"S35","volume":"18","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Cosentino ML. Airway management in the emergency department: a comparison of CMAC video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18:S35.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"702_CR51","first-page":"S297","volume":"20","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Javedani PP, Jessica GO, Garst-Orozco J, Guillen-Rodriguez JM, Stolz U. Video laryngoscopy reduces the rate of esophageal intubations performed by emergency medicine residents compared to direct laryngoscopy. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20:S297.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"702_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.03.031","volume":"60","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Mosier J, Chiu S, Cosentino M, Kalin L. A comparison of the C-MAC video laryngoscope to the macintosh direct laryngoscope for intubation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(6):739\u201348.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2011.05.019","volume":"42","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Mosier JM, Chiu S, Keim SM. Tracheal intubation in the emergency department: a comparison of GlideScope\u00ae video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy in 822 intubations. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(4):400\u20135.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.10.007","volume":"48","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Mosier JM, Patanwala AE, Dicken JM, Kalin L, Javedani PP. The C-MAC\u00ae video laryngoscope is superior to the direct laryngoscope for the rescue of failed first-attempt intubations in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2015;48(3):280\u20136.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"702_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.07.138","volume":"66","author":"Y Shirakura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shirakura Y, Okamoto H, Watase H, Hasegawa K. Video laryngoscopy does not improve the first pass success rate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department: An analysis of multicenter observational study. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;66(4):S37.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"702_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex228","volume":"119","author":"SR Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis SR, Butler AR, Parker J, Cook TM, Schofield-Robinson OJ, Smith AF. Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation: a Cochrane systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2017;119(3):369\u201383.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"702_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00007","volume":"98","author":"JT Mulcaster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mulcaster JT, Mills J, Hung OR, MacQuarrie K, Law JA, Pytka S, et al. Laryngoscopic intubation: learning and performance. Anesthesiology. 2003;98(1):23\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"702_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200208000-00033","volume":"95","author":"GR de Oliveira Filho","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Oliveira Filho GR. The construction of learning curves for basic skills in anesthetic procedures: an application for the cumulative sum method. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(2):411\u20136.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T19:58:18Z","timestamp":1665777498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sjtrem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-020-0702-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study did not need ethical approval and consent from any patients involved in the study was also not needed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}