{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:58:22Z","timestamp":1775725102403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003945","name":"Link\u00f6ping University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of EMS transport time on trauma patient survival has previously been examined. Studies have shown conflicting results, and some studies have been unable to prove any association between prehospital times and outcomes for trauma patients. In the context of Swedish trauma systems, the impact of prehospital time remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between prehospital time and outcomes for hypotensive trauma patients in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3,740 hypotensive trauma patients treated during the years 2013\u20132022 were identified through the Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau). The study included both ground ambulance patients and helicopter emergency medical services patients. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the correlation between total prehospital time and mortality while controlling for confounding factors. The primary study endpoint of this study was 30-day mortality after the initial traumatic event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, including RTS, NISS, patient age, sex, and methods of injury, a longer total prehospital time was found to be associated with increased odds of mortality in the study population. In the present study, a one-minute increase in total prehospital time was found to have an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.005 for mortality (95% CI 1.000\u20131.009;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) for undifferentiated hypotensive trauma patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this nationwide study aimed at investigating the correlation between prehospital time and survival among hypotensive trauma patients in Sweden, a longer total prehospital time was found to be associated with increased odds of mortality for undifferentiated hypotensive trauma patients, with the odds of mortality increasing by 5.1% per 10-min increase in total prehospital time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:05:49Z","timestamp":1774314349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prehospital times and outcomes for hypotensive trauma patients in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Limb\u00e4ck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Lapidus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1597_CR1","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen. Prehospital traumav\u00e5rd - delprojekt till Socialstyrelsens regeringsuppdrag, att utarbeta ett planeringsunderlag f\u00f6r traumav\u00e5rd 2015 [Available from: https:\/\/swetrau.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2015\/12\/Prehospital-Traumav%C3%A5rd-Slutversion-2015-02-262.pdf."},{"issue":"8","key":"1597_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134820940244","volume":"86","author":"S Ninokawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ninokawa S, Friedman J, Tatum D, Smith A, Taghavi S, McGrew P, et al. Patient contact time and prehospital interventions in hypotensive trauma patients: should we reconsider the \u201cABC\u201d algorithm when time is of the essence? Am Surg. 2020;86(8):937\u201343.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1597_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15812","volume":"77","author":"EJ Spoelder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spoelder EJ, Slagt C, Scheffer GJ, van Geffen GJ. Transport of the patient with trauma: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2022;77(11):1281\u20137.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.01.008","volume":"46","author":"AM Harmsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harmsen AM, Giannakopoulos GF, Moerbeek PR, Jansma EP, Bonjer HJ, Bloemers FW. The influence of prehospital time on trauma patients outcome: a systematic review. Injury. 2015;46(4):602\u20139.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"1597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.106320","volume":"6","author":"M Swaroop","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swaroop M, Straus DC, Agubuzu O, Esposito TJ, Schermer CR, Crandall ML. Pre-hospital transport times and survival for hypotensive patients with penetrating thoracic trauma. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2013;6(1):16\u201320.","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"1597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.04.027","volume":"216","author":"TW Clements","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clements TW, Vogt K, Hameed SM, Parry N, Kirkpatrick AW, Grondin SC, et al. Does increased prehospital time lead to a \u201ctrial of life\u201d effect for patients with blunt trauma? J Surg Res. 2017;216:103\u20138.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.02.002","volume":"51","author":"K Shibahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shibahashi K, Ishida T, Sugiyama K, Kuwahara Y, Okura Y, Hamabe Y. Prehospital times and outcomes of patients who had hypotension at the scene after trauma: a nationwide multicentre retrospective study. Injury. 2020;51(5):1224\u201330.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1597_CR8","unstructured":"Sweden S. Statistics Sweden 2024 [cited 2024 1006]. Available from: https:\/\/www.scb.se\/en\/."},{"key":"1597_CR9","unstructured":"The Swedish Trauma Registry: The Swedish Trauma Society; [Available from: https:\/\/swetrau.se\/om-swetrau\/about-swetrau-in-english\/swetrau-the-swedish-trauma-registry."},{"key":"1597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javali RH, Krishnamoorthy, Patil A, Srinivasarangan M, Suraj, Sriharsha. Comparison of Injury Severity Score, New Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score and Trauma and Injury Severity Score for Mortality Prediction in Elderly Trauma Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019;23(2):73\u20137.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23120"},{"issue":"4","key":"1597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181d3223b","volume":"68","author":"PJ Schluter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schluter PJ, Nathens A, Neal ML, Goble S, Cameron CM, Davey TM, et al. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) coefficients 2009 revision. J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care. 2010;68(4):761\u201370.","journal-title":"J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-023-01121-w","volume":"31","author":"IMW Nilsbakken","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nilsbakken IMW, Cuevas-\u00d8strem M, Wisborg T, Sollid S, Jeppesen E. Effect of urban vs. remote settings on prehospital time and mortality in trauma patients in Norway: a national population-based study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2023;31(1):53.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1597_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003380","volume":"92","author":"JF Waalwijk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waalwijk JF, van der Sluijs R, Lokerman RD, Fiddelers AAA, Hietbrink F, Leenen LPH, et al. The impact of prehospital time intervals on mortality in moderately and severely injured patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;92(3):520\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111459","volume":"55","author":"I Nilsbakken","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nilsbakken I, Wisborg T, Sollid S, Jeppesen E. Functional outcome and associations with prehospital time and urban-remote disparities in trauma: a Norwegian national population-based study. Injury. 2024;55(6):111459.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"1597_CR15","first-page":"420","volume":"52","author":"JR Clarke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clarke JR, Trooskin SZ, Doshi PJ, Greenwald L, Mode CJ. Time to laparotomy for intra-abdominal bleeding from trauma does affect survival for delays up to 90 minutes. J Trauma. 2002;52(3):420\u20135.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"1597_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201962","volume":"30","author":"H Wyen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wyen H, Lefering R, Maegele M, Brockamp T, Wafaisade A, Wutzler S, et al. The golden hour of shock - how time is running out: prehospital time intervals in Germany-a multivariate analysis of 15, 103 patients from the TraumaRegister DGU(R). Emerg Med J. 2013;30(12):1048\u201355.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"1597_CR17","unstructured":"Bellander BM, Sollid S, Kock-Jensen C, Juul N, Eskesen V, Sundstr\u00f8m T, et al. [Prehospital management of patients with severe head injuries. Scandinavian guidelines according to Brain Trauma Foundation]. Lakartidningen. 2008;105(24\u201325):1834\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"1597_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-023-01151-4","volume":"31","author":"M Renberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Renberg M, Dahlberg M, Gellerfors M, Rostami E, G\u00fcnther M. Prehospital and emergency department airway management of severe penetrating trauma in Sweden during the past decade. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2023;31(1):85.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2016.04.019","volume":"35","author":"JD Lansom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lansom JD, Curtis K, Goldsmith H, Tzannes A. The effect of prehospital intubation on treatment times in patients with suspected traumatic brain injury. Air Med J. 2016;35(5):295\u2013300.","journal-title":"Air Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199904000-00004","volume":"46","author":"JS Sampalis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sampalis JS, Denis R, Lavoie A, Frechette P, Boukas S, Nikolis A, et al. Trauma care regionalization: a process-outcome evaluation. J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care. 1999;46(4):565\u201381.","journal-title":"J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1597_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13946","volume":"65","author":"B \u00c1rnason","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c1rnason B, Hertzberg D, Kornhall D, G\u00fcnther M, Gellerfors M. Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia in trauma patients treated by anaesthesiologist and nurse anaesthetist staffed critical care teams. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65(9):1329\u201336.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"1597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774515602688","volume":"13","author":"JM Lachin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lachin JM. Fallacies of last observation carried forward analyses. Clin Trials. 2016;13(2):161\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:04:32Z","timestamp":1775721872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-026-01597-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Prior to initiation, this study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority who waived the need for informed consent (reference number: 2020-04246).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}