{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:01:52Z","timestamp":1787886112958,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0463-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]],"date-time":"2018-02-17T00:20:21Z","timestamp":1518826821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Gicchino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Diplomatico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Capalbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Marzuillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma Nunzia","family":"Olivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Miraglia del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-11-47","volume":"11","author":"CM Hedrich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hedrich CM, et al. Autoinflammatory bone disorders with special focus on chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Pediatr Rheumatol. 2013;11:47.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2544-6","volume":"43","author":"C Falip","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falip C, Alison M, Bountry N, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): a longitudinal case series review. Pediatric Radiol. 2013;43(3):355\u201375.","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiol"},{"key":"463_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3572-6","volume":"36","author":"A Schnabel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schnabel A, Range U, Hahn G, et al. Unexpectedly high incidences of chronic non-bacterial as compared to bacterial osteomyelitis in children. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:1737\u201346.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"463_CR4","first-page":"329","volume":"15","author":"A Giedion","year":"1972","unstructured":"Giedion A, Holthusen W, Masel LF, et al. Subacute and chronic \u201cSymmetrical\u201d osteomyelitis. Ann Radiol. 1972;15:329\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR5","first-page":"263","volume":"95","author":"Z Jibri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jibri Z, Sah M, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelic mimicking osteomaosteoide. JBR-BTR. 2012;95(4):263\u20136.","journal-title":"JBR-BTR"},{"issue":"5","key":"463_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1190","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3788","volume":"130","author":"A Borzutzky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borzutzky A, Stern S, Reiff A, et al. Pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1190\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"463_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-7-3","volume":"7","author":"HJ Girschick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girschick HJ, Monret E, Beer M, et al. Chronic multifocal non bacterial osteomyelitis in hypophosphatasia mimicking malignancy. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7:3.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0109-1","volume":"14","author":"MR Roderick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roderick MR, Shah R, Rogers V, Finn A, Ramanan AV. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) - advancing the diagnosis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016;14(1):47.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J."},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24402","volume":"60","author":"AF Jansson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jansson AF, M\u00fcller TH, Gliera L, et al. Clinical score for nonbacterial osteitis in children and adults. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(4):1152\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"463_CR10","first-page":"406","volume-title":"Textbook of pediatric rheumatlogy. 7th end","author":"RE Petty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petty RE. Textbook of pediatric rheumatlogy. 7th end. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 406\u201317."},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023838","volume":"64","author":"HJ Girschick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Girschick HJ, Raab P, Surbaum S, et al. Chronic multifocal non bacterial osteomyelitis in children. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):279\u201385.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"463_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1998.1998015435.x","volume":"15","author":"CJ Omidi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Omidi CJ, Siegfried EC. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis preceding pyodermagangrenosum and occult ulcerative colitis in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15:435\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1998.1998015435 .","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"463_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00122.x","volume":"12","author":"O Dagan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dagan O, Barak Y, Metzker A. Pyodermagangrenosum and sterile multifocal osteomyelitis preceding the appearance of Takayasu arteritis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1995;12:39\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00122.x .","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"463_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1986.02140220099042","volume":"140","author":"TL Edwards","year":"1986","unstructured":"Edwards TL, Stapleton FB, Bond MJ, Barrett FF. Sweet\u2019s syndrome with multifocal sterile osteomyelitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1986;140(8):817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpedi.1986.02140220099042 .","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1988.02150110045017","volume":"142","author":"P Pelkonen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pelkonen P, Ryoppy S, Jaaskelainen J, Rapola J, Repo H, Kaitila I. Chronic osteomyelitis-like disease with negative bacterial cultures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1988;142:1167\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpedi.1988.02150110045017 .","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR16","first-page":"665","volume":"55","author":"G Rohekar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rohekar G, Inman RD. Conundrums in nosology: synovitis, acne, pustolosis, hyperostosisand osteitis syndrome and spondylarthritis. Ann Rheum. 2006;55(4):665\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum"},{"key":"463_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.09.013","volume":"161","author":"SR Hoffmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoffmann SR, Kubasch AS, Ioannidis C, et al. Alterated expression of IL-10 family citokynie in monocytes from CRMO patients result in enhanced IL-1 b expression and relase. Clin Immunol. 2015;161:300\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"463_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-30","volume":"17","author":"R Scianaro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scianaro R, Insalaco A, Bracci Laudiero R, et al. Deregulation of the IL1beta axis in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2014;17(12):30.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"issue":"6","key":"463_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.02.010","volume":"78","author":"J Wipff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wipff J, Adamsbaum C, Kahan A, Job-Deslandre C. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Bone Spine. 2011;78(6):555\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.02.010 .","journal-title":"Bone Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0645-9","volume":"19","author":"AJ Cox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cox AJ, Zhao Y, Ferquson PJ. Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis and Related Diseases-Update on Pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(4):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-017-0645-9 .","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"463_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.02.010","volume":"78","author":"J Wipff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wipff J, Adamsbaum C, Kahan A, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Jt Bon Spine. 2011;78:555\u201360.","journal-title":"Jt Bon Spine"},{"key":"463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.12.001","volume":"79","author":"S Guerin-Pfyffer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guerin-Pfyffer S, Guillaume-Czitrom S, Tammam S. Evaluation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis in children by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Jt Bone Spine. 2012;79:616\u201320.","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel190","volume":"46","author":"A Jansson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jansson A, Renner ED, Ramser J, et al. Classification of non-bacterial osteitis: retrospective study of clinical, immunological and genetic aspects in 89 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(1):154\u201360.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"463_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harel L, Hashkes PJ,\u00a0 Lapidus S, et al. The First International Conference on Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis Syndrome\u00a0 J Pediatr.\u00a02017;(17)31437\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.10.03 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.10.03"},{"key":"463_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cox AJ, Zhao Y, Ferquson PJ Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis and Related Diseases an Update on Pathogenesis CurrRheumatol Rep. 2017;19(4):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-017-0645-9 .","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0645-9"},{"key":"463_CR26","unstructured":"T.Von Kalle, N.Heim, T.Hospach et al. Typical pattern of bone involvement in whole-body MRI of patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) Rofo 2013;185(7):655\u201361."},{"key":"463_CR27","unstructured":"Ramay R, Chuc C et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in Crohn's Disease, complete resolution with anti TNF-\u03b1 therapy. J Pediatr Gastrointestinal Nutr. 2016."},{"key":"463_CR28","first-page":"1318","volume":"27","author":"K Ishikawa-Nakayama","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ishikawa-Nakayama K, Sugiyama E, Sawazaki S, Taki H, Kobayashi M, Koizumi F, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis showing marked improvement with corticosteroid treatment. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1318\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"463_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0023-y","volume":"13","author":"D Kaiser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaiser D, Bolt I, Hofer M, et al. Pediatric chronic non bacterial osteomyelitis in children : a retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Rheumatol online J. 2015;13:25.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol online J"},{"key":"463_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taddio A, Zennaro F. Pastore S an update on the pathogenesis and treatment of Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Drugs. 2017; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-017-0226-4 .","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0226-4"},{"key":"463_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roderick M, Shah R, Finn A, Rmanan AV. Efficacy of pamidronate therapy in children with chronic non-bacterial osteitis: disease activity assessment by whole body magnetic resonance imaging. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu226"},{"key":"463_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111566","volume":"209","author":"B Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao B, Grimes SN, Li S, Hu X, Ivashkiv LB. TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone resorption are inhibited by transcription factor RBP-J. J Exp Med. 2012;209:319\u201334.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"463_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-30","volume":"12","author":"R Scianaro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scianaro R, Insalaco A, Bracci LL. Deregulation of the IL-1\u03b2 axis in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2014;12:30.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0463-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T23:53:10Z","timestamp":1570751590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0463-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0463-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents for publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no potential competing interests with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"26"}}