{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:00:54Z","timestamp":1793833254616,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T04:25:16Z","timestamp":1522815916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Epidemiological and clinical aspects of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children with Down\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Aversa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Crisafulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Zirilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Gallizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Valenzise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"478_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294","volume":"76","author":"MA Canfield","year":"2006","unstructured":"Canfield MA, Honein MA, Yuskiv N, Xing J, Mai CT, Collins JS, et al. National estimates and race\/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999-2001. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2006;76:747\u201356.","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"478_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1586\/17446651.2015.1063995","volume":"10","author":"L Iughetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iughetti L, Lucaccioni L, Fugetto F, Mason A, Predieri B. Thyroid function in down syndrome. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2015;10:525\u201332.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"478_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2016-0073","volume":"29","author":"T Aversa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aversa T, Valenzise M, Corrias A, Salerno M, Iughetti L, Tessaris D, et al. In children with autoimmune thyroid diseases the association with down syndrome can modify the clustering of extra-thyroidal autoimmune disorders. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016;29:1041\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"478_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2006.02238.x","volume":"48","author":"ST Kinik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kinik ST, Oz\u00e7ay F, Varan B. Type I diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and celiac disease in an adolescent with down syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2006;48:433\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"478_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00355.x","volume":"9","author":"C L\u00e4mmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e4mmer C, Weimann E. Early onset of type I diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and celiac disease in a 7-yr-old boy with Down's syndrome. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008;9:423\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"478_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346582","volume":"33","author":"G Salzano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salzano G, Lombardo F, Arrigo T, Sferlazzas C, Wasniewska M, Valenzise M, et al. Association of five autoimmune diseases in a young woman with Down's syndrome. J Endocrinol Investig. 2010;33:202\u20133.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"478_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0452","volume":"24","author":"T Aversa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aversa T, Lombardo F, Corrias A, Salerno M, De Luca F, Wasniewska M. In young patients with turner or down syndrome, Graves\u2019 disease presentation is often preceded by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid. 2014;24:744\u20137.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"478_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1574","volume":"14","author":"T Aversa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aversa T, Salerno M, Radetti G, Faienza MF, Iughetti L, Corrias A, et al. Peculiarities of presentation and evolution over time of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome. Hormones. 2015;14:410\u20136.","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"478_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1159\/000313395","volume":"73","author":"M Wasniewska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wasniewska M, Corrias A, Arrigo T, Lombardo F, Salerno M, Mussa A, et al. Frequency of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis antecedents in the history of children and adolescents with graves\u2019 disease. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010;73:473\u20136.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"478_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1712","volume":"36","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aitken RJ, Mehers KL, Williams AJ, Brown J, Bingley PJ, Holl RW, et al. Early-onset, coexisting autoimmunity and decreased HLA-mediated susceptibility are the characteristics of diabetes in down syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1181\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"478_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1159\/000157874","volume":"70","author":"G Popova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Popova G, Paterson WF, Brown A, Donaldson MD. Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Down's syndrome: clinical presentation and evolution. Horm Res. 2008;70:278\u201384.","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"478_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27270","volume":"62","author":"KT J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen KT, Rostgaard K, Bache I, Biggar RJ, Nielsen NM, Tommerup N, Frisch M. Autoimmune diseases in women with Turner's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:658\u201366.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"478_CR13","first-page":"45","volume":"3","author":"R Tozzoli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tozzoli R, Perini R. Malattie autoimmuni nei primi anni di vita: dai sintomi alla diagnosi di laboratorio. La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio. 2007;3:45\u201350.","journal-title":"La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio"},{"key":"478_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03419.x","volume":"71","author":"A Goday-Arno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goday-Arno A, Cerda-Esteva M, Flores-Le-Roux JA, Chillaron-Jordan JJ, Corretger JM, Cano-P\u00e9rez JF. Hyperthyroidism in a population with down syndrome (DS). Clin Endocrinol. 2009;71:110\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"478_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00006-5","volume":"2","author":"GS Cooper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cooper GS, Stroehla BC. The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2003;2:119\u201325.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"478_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0751","volume":"162","author":"F De Luca","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Luca F, Corrias A, Salerno M, Wasniewska M, Gastaldi R, Cassio A, et al. Peculiarities of graves\u2019 disease in children and adolescents with Down\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162:591\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"478_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0146-2","volume":"41","author":"T Aversa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aversa T, Lombardo F, Valenzise M, Messina MF, Sferlazzas C, Salzano G, et al. Peculiarities of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children with turner or down syndrome: an overview. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41:39.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"478_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200103000-00008","volume":"13","author":"J Carnicer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carnicer J, Farr\u00e9 C, Varea V, Vilar P, Moreno J, Artigas J. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Down's syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13:263\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"478_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.08.008","volume":"41","author":"E Graber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graber E, Chacko E, Regelmann MO, Costin G, Rapaport R. Down syndrome and thyroid function. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2012;41:735\u201345.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"478_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-013-0994-y","volume":"183","author":"K King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King K, O'Gorman C, Gallagher S. Thyroid dysfunction in children with down syndrome: a literature review. Ir J Med Sci. 2014;183:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"478_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12987-X","volume":"361","author":"NJ Roizen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roizen NJ, Patterson D. Down's syndrome. Lancet. 2003;361:1281\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"478_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400223","volume":"193","author":"M Gim\u00e9nez-Barcons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Barcons M, Caster\u00e0s A, Armengol Mdel P, Porta E, Correa PA, Mar\u00edn A, et al. Autoimmune predisposition in down syndrome may result from a partial central tolerance failure due to insufficient intrathymic expression of AIRE and peripheral antigens. J Immunol. 2014;193:3872\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"478_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0736-8","volume":"168","author":"M Valenzise","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valenzise M, Meloni A, Betterle C, Giometto B, Autunno M, Mazzeo A, et al. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy as a possible novel component of autoimmune poly-endocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:237\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"478_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400742","volume":"193","author":"G Skogberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skogberg G, Lundberg V, Lindgren S, Gudmundsdottir J, Sandstr\u00f6m K, K\u00e4mpe O, et al. Altered expression of autoimmune regulator in infant down syndrome thymus, a possible contributor to an autoimmune phenotype. J Immunol. 2014;193:2187\u201395.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"478_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000334640","volume":"77","author":"M Wasniewska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wasniewska M, Corrias A, Salerno M, Lombardo F, Aversa T, Mussa A, et al. Outcomes of children with hashitoxicosis. Horm Res Paediatr. 2012;77:36\u201340.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"478_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-8","volume":"39","author":"F De Luca","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Luca F, Santucci S, Corica D, Pitrolo E, Romeo M, Aversa T. Hashimoto's thyroiditis in childhood: presentation modes and evolution over time. Ital J Pediatr. 2013;39:8.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"478_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.26","volume":"73","author":"C Claret","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claret C, Goday A, Benaiges D, Chillar\u00f3n JJ, Flores JA, Hernandez E, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in the first years of life in patients with down syndrome. Pediatr Res. 2013;73:674\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"478_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0484","volume":"173","author":"M Wasniewska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wasniewska M, Aversa T, Salerno M, Corrias A, Messina MF, Mussa A, et al. Five-year prospective evaluation of thyroid function in girls with subclinical mild hypothyroidism of different etiology. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173:801\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"478_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.1551","volume":"18","author":"M Ludgate","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludgate M, Emerson CH. Metamorphic thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid. 2008;18:1035\u20137.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"478_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0374","volume":"23","author":"SM McLachlan","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Thyrotropin-blocking autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies: potential mechanisms involved in the pendulum swinging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism or vice versa. Thyroid. 2013;23:14\u201324.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"478_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0197-4","volume":"41","author":"T Aversa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aversa T, Valenzise M, Salerno M, Corrias A, Iughetti L, Radetti G, et al. Metamorphic thyroid autoimmunity in down syndrome: from Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis to Graves\u2019 disease and beyond. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41:87.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"478_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-016-0322-z","volume":"43","author":"M Valenzise","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valenzise M, Aversa T, Zirilli G, Salzano G, Corica D, Santucci S, De Luca F. Analysis of the factors affecting the evolution over time of subclinical hypothyroidism in children. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43:2.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T11:57:59Z","timestamp":1751543879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0478-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"39"}}