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On the other hand, the important role of the RANKL\/OPG\/RANK signaling axis in bone physiology is well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, in T1D youngsters and to investigate factors that could influence the<jats:italic>OPG<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>RANK<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>RANKL<\/jats:italic>signaling axis such as 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], parathormone (PTH) and age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum RANKL, RANK, 25(OH) D, PTH levels and plasma OPG levels, were measured in 71 youngsters with T1D and 50 healthy controls matched for age and gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma OPG levels were significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025) in T1D patients compared to controls. Serum RANKL levels were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037), while no differences were observed in serum RANK levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.946) between the two groups. Serum 25(OH) D levels found significantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) while serum PTH levels were significantly elevated (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in T1D patients than in controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrated that OPG and RANKL may be promising biomarkers for T1D patients. However, their circulating levels were associated with several factors including PTH, 25(OH) D and therefore, may represent an integrative biomarker for a variety of endocrine signaling disturbances observed in T1D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0748-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1575979468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["OPG\/RANK\/RANKL signaling axis in patients with type I diabetes: Associations with parathormone and vitamin D"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Karalazou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Ntelios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fani","family":"Chatzopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Fragou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Taousani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Mouzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assimina","family":"Galli-Tsinopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Kouidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tzimagiorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"748_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","volume":"383","author":"MA Atkinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW. 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