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NICU bedside surgery is reported in 81.8% of the pediatric surgery centers. A lower prevalence of bedside surgical practice in the NICU was reported for Southern Italy and the islands than for Northern Italy and Central Italy (Southern &lt;Northern&lt;Central, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.03). The most frequent clinical characteristics of neonates was preterm neonates with birthweight &lt;\u20091200\u2009g, with cardiorespiratory instability and\/or ventilatory dependence. The most frequently selected indications to surgery were pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, central venous catheter (CVC) positioning, intestinal perforation, patent ductus arteriosus ligation and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. More than 60% of respondents report no institutional recommendations and dedicated informed consent on bedside surgical procedures. The lack of dedicated areas and infrastructures is considered a relative contraindication to the performance of bedside surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bedside surgery is performed in the majority of the Italian pediatric surgery centers included in this census. The introduction of a national set of surgery guidelines would be widely welcomed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00889-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T10:03:03Z","timestamp":1600250583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bedside surgery in the newborn infants: survey of the Italian society of pediatric 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