{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T15:28:36Z","timestamp":1769354916533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018V-2304 PREPARE RIA2018V"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018V-2304 PREPARE RIA2018V"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis in infants, with long term neurodevelopmental sequelae. GBS may be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and preterm birth. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is currently the only way to prevent early-onset disease (presenting at 0 to 6\u2009days of life), although it has no impact on the disease presenting over 6\u2009days of life and its implementation is challenging in resource poor countries. A maternal vaccine against GBS could reduce all GBS manifestations as well as improve pregnancy outcomes, even in low-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The term \u201cPREPARE\u201d designates an international project aimed at developing a maternal vaccination platform to test vaccines against neonatal GBS infections by maternal immunization. It is a non-profit, multi-center, interventional and experimental study (promoted by the St George University of London. [UK]) with the aim of developing a maternal vaccination platform, determining pregnancy outcomes, and defining the extent of GBS infections in children and mothers in Africa. PREPARE also aims to estimate the protective serocorrelates against the main GBS serotypes that cause diseases in Europe and Africa and to conduct two trials on candidate GBS vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>PREPARE consists of 6 work packages. In four European countries (Italy, UK, Netherlands, France) the recruitment of cases and controls will start in 2020 and will end in 2022. The Italian PREPARE network includes 41 centers. The Italian network aims to collect: GBS isolates from infants with invasive disease, maternal and neonatal sera (cases); cord sera and GBS strains from colonized mothers whose infants do not develop GBS infection (controls).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Short conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PREPARE will contribute information on protective serocorrelates against the main GBS serotypes that cause diseases in Europe and Africa. The vaccine that will be tested by the PREPARE study could be an effective strategy to prevent GBS disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T19:02:44Z","timestamp":1603911764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Italian arm of the PREPARE study: an international project to evaluate and license a maternal vaccine against group B streptococcus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"46","author":[{"name":"the Prepare Network","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Berardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Cassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Creti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vocale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Ambretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Cose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Le Doare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"923_CR1","unstructured":"Edwards MS, Nizet V, Baker CJ. Group B streptococcal infections. In: Remington and Klein\u2019s infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 411\u201356."},{"issue":"11","key":"923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1079126","volume":"13","author":"A Berardi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berardi A, Cattelani C, Creti R, Berner R, Pietrangiolillo Z, Margarit I, Maione D, Ferrari F. Group B streptococcal infections in the newborn infant and the potential value of maternal vaccination. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2015;13(11):1387\u201399. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14787210.2015.1079126\n                  \n                 Epub 2015 Aug 20.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"key":"923_CR3","volume-title":"GBS vaccine research and development technical roadmap and WHO preferred product characteristics","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. GBS vaccine research and development technical roadmap and WHO preferred product characteristics. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2016."},{"key":"923_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ABCs Report: Group B Streptococcus, 2017 \n                  https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/abcs\/reports-findings\/survreports\/gbs17.html\n                  \n                ."},{"key":"923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davies HG, Carreras-Abad C, Le Doare K, Heath PT. Group B Streptococcus: Trials and Tribulations. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(6S Suppl 1):S72-S76. doi: \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000002328\n                  \n                . PMID: 31205250 Review.","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002328"},{"key":"923_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"M Ficara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ficara M, Pietrella E, Spada C, et al. Changes of intestinal microbiota in early life. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;10:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S203454","volume":"13","author":"C Carreras-Abad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carreras-Abad C, Ramkhelawon L, Heath PT, Le Doare K. A vaccine against group B Streptococcus: recent advances. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1263\u201372. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S203454\n                  \n                 eCollection 2020. 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Vaccine. 2013;31:46\u201351.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"24","key":"923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.039","volume":"37","author":"J Vekemans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vekemans J, Crofts J, Baker CJ, Goldblatt D, Heath PT, Madhi SA, Le Doare K, Andrews N, Pollard AJ, Saha SK, Schrag SJ, Smith PG, Kaslow DC. The role of immune correlates of protection on the pathway to licensure, policy decision and use of group B Streptococcus vaccines for maternal immunization: considerations from World Health Organization consultations. Vaccine. 2019;37(24):3190\u20138. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.039\n                  \n                 Epub 2019 Apr 25. 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PMID: 30683467.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T06:02:53Z","timestamp":1603951373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-020-00923-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Prot N\u00b0 0011051\/20 del 20\/04\/2020.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Prof Alberto Berardi has received funding from the Institute for Infection and Immunity Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group St George\u2019s University of London (UK).The remaining authors declare they have no funding source.Financial disclosure: Prof. Alberto Berardi has not received fees.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}