{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:26:23Z","timestamp":1789539983649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy, virologic failure has become global public health concern and challenge, especially in developing countries. Viral load monitoring is an important approach to identify treatment failure and develop public health interventions in children receiving antiretroviral therapy. Thus, this study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of virological failure among children on antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy from 2016 to 2019 in Bahir Dar Town public health facilities. Data were extracted from children\u2019s charts using a standardized data extraction tool, adapted from ART intake and follow-up forms. Data were entered using Epi-Data Version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were done to identify factors associated with virological failure. Variables with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values &lt;\u20090.25 were fitted into the multivariable analysis. Finally, variables with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values &lt;0.05 were considered as statistically significant factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The period prevalence of virological failure was found to be 14.8% (95% CI: 11.5\u201319.3%). Opportunistic infections (AOR\u2009=\u20092.19, CI: 1.13\u20134.25), history of treatment interruption and restart (AOR\u2009=\u20092.21, CI: 1.09\u20134.54), younger age (AOR\u2009=\u20092.42, CI: 1.02\u20135.74), poor\/fair ART adherence (AOR\u2009=\u20092.19, CI: 1.05\u20134.57), and advanced baseline WHO clinical staging (AOR\u2009=\u20092.32, CI: 1.14\u20134.74) were found to be factors significantly associated with virological failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of virological failure among HIV-infected children remained high. Children with poor\/fair ART adherence, history of treatment interruption, advanced baseline WHO clinical staging, younger age, and opportunistic infections were significantly associated with virologic failure. Thus, special attention should be given to children who had poor\/fair ART adherence and presenting with opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01030-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T14:02:47Z","timestamp":1617717767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Magnitude and associated factors of virological failure among children on ART in Bahir Dar Town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belete","family":"Gelaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getasew","family":"Mulatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getasew","family":"Tesfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalie","family":"Marew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogale","family":"Chekole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Animut","family":"Alebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1030_CR1","volume-title":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u22122019 fact sheet","author":"AIDS: JUNPoHa","year":"2019","unstructured":"AIDS: JUNPoHa. 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The IRB has decided and permitted to conduct this study through ethical letter with protocol number 0032\/2020, written on February 25, 2020. Then, official letter was submitted to the selected public health facilities. Since the study was done by reviewing charts informed oral or written consent was not feasible. However, to maintain confidentiality patient name and unique ART number were not included in the data extraction check-list. Furthermore, confidentiality of data was kept at all levels of the study and not used for any other purposes than the stated study objectives.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"84"}}